Max Montrose: Budtender Best Practices

If cannabis normalization is a battle, budtenders are on the front lines. From seasoned tokers who are looking for nuanced recommendations to first-timers who have no idea what being high even feels like, a budtender should be able to offer helpful suggestions to match any customer with the right product to ensure they have an enjoyable cannabis experience.

Our podcast host Shango Los recently met with Max Montrose, President of the Trichome Institute, a cannabis education and training company based in Colorado, to discuss the important role that budtenders play in the cannabis industry. In this episode, Max reveals how shockingly common it is for budtenders to spread misinformation they learned online, how dabbing incorrectly can be dangerous, why he believes there is a real risk of temporary psychosis from consuming too many edibles, and how budtenders could be held personally liable if they offer medical advice.

This is an episode you don’t want to miss! Listen to the interview using the media player below, or scroll down for the full transcript.

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Shango: Hi there and welcome to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast. I am your host Shango Los. The Ganjapreneur.com Podcast gives us an opportunity to speak directly to entrepreneurs, cannabis growers, product developers and cannabis medicine researchers, all focused on making the most of cannabis normalization.

As your host, I do my best to bring you original cannabis industry ideas that will ignite your own entrepreneurial spark and give you actionable information to improve your business strategy, and improve your health and the health of cannabis patients everywhere.

Today my guest is Max Montrose. Max is founder and current president of The Trichome Institute, a cannabis educational content provider. He is the author of The National Cannabis Industry textbook and is an educational adviser to government and business specializing in cannabis safety, education and awareness.

Through The Trichome Institute, he provides standardized cannabis trainings for cannabis employees and produces educational materials for all types of cannabis enthusiasts. Max has established the Budtender Certification Course and has developed the sommelier approach to cannabis variety types called Interpening. Today, we’re going to talk about best practices for Budtenders. Welcome to the show Max.

Max: Hey, thanks so much Shango. Pleasure to be here.

Shango: Max, I think one of the important places for us to start are to talk about the attributes that make people good Budtenders because some people just seem to have the package of attributes that makes them warm and perfect in that environment and I know you travel the country talking to all sorts of Budtenders and you educate them. Let’s start with that. What makes a good Budtender?

Max: There’s really two things that makes a good Budtender and the first is someone who has good customer service skills because what you’re doing is you’re serving … servicing customers and the patients. Being able to have good communication skills, good listening skills and understanding what good customer service is is the first attribute but you could have the best customer service in the world. You could be the nicest, friendliest person ever and not know a thing about cannabis products and how many different kinds they are and how they work.

The second best attribute would be knowledge and understanding exactly what it is that you’re doing and how to do it in the best way.

Shango: Since Budtender courses are just starting to come about as people like you put together this information to make them available, where in your experience do Budtenders usually find their information?

Max: Well, that’s actually something that tends to scare me because in my experience, I have taken a ton of Budtender Certification Courses online and in person, and I’m usually bothered by what I find because the information is generally recycled old information from online and there’s so much information about cannabis today that it’s just so wrong that people are certifying people in misinformation.

One of the best and easiest ways you can tell that is by asking any of these education providers who has reviewed and approved your curriculum because often times the answer is nobody. Generally, people are finding a lot of information through dozens of cannabis education companies that are popping up left and right because it is becoming profitable to educate people in this business but the question is how real and legitimate is that education?

Shango: Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. Up to this point, the majority of Budtenders that I’ve come across have been simply the friends and family of the shop owners. They want to hire somebody that they trust. They want to give their nephew or niece a job and do you think that a higher standard for Budtenders is finally catching on? Are we to that point yet? Or do you think that standardization or practices for Budtenders is still an infancy and really hasn’t made any … it hasn’t made much progress yet?

Max: It is in its super infancy still. That’s a fact. Budtenders are not looked at as serious currently but that’s actually about to change. Colorado is … Everybody knows Colorado is the pioneer state when it comes to this industry, except Colorado doesn’t require any training whatsoever to be in this job.

We have over 10,000 Budtenders in the state and many of them don’t know the difference between the indica and sativa the way and they believe that they do but if you ask them, it’s very obvious that they don’t or I can’t tell you how many people I’ve met who have no idea that edibles are a different drug than smoke flower or understand why CBD is different from THC.

I don’t really see businesses in Colorado hiring friends and family. They hire people for $9 an hour, $10 an hour and there is just an enormous line of applicants out the door. That doesn’t really require much care or training whatsoever.

Shango: Gosh, sorry. I got to tell you, I’m really surprised to hear or nine or ten bucks an hour. Out here on the West Coast, a 15, 14 seems to be a more what is typical but that really goes to show how many people in Colorado really want to use the budtending job as a entry path into the industry where they’re willing to work for near minimum wage just to get their foot into the door.

That makes sense right because that can be a very effective way to get in the industry but with so many people being willing to work for less than they may make somewhere else, it brings down the rate of pay for everybody.

Max: It does. This is such a big topic and it’s so important and there so many different angles to it. First of all, let me say this. You’re harvesting correct when you’re talking about using it as an entry point into the business. It’s a little bit of a sacrifice if you’re serious because this industry is not easy to get into.

That being said, I started out as a Budtender for $9 an hour and I now own multiple businesses in the industry and I know a lot of people who started out as Budtenders who are really doing great with fantastic businesses. It’s definitely possible. Unfortunately, it depends on the business owner and there are so many old school owners, OG’s who treats this business very different than corporate business owners do.

They really look at their Budtenders like tissue paper. You just pull one out and get a new one. They’re just ten bucks an hour kind of a thing. It doesn’t really matter like why invest in their education, why invest in their training which is really backwards thinking because the dispensaries that do care, that do invest in their Budtenders training, they make better sales and are more profitable and it’s because people walk in and people aren’t stupid.

You can walk in a one dispensary and see, “Okay, this is a shop where nobody has a clue what’s going on and therefore they don’t feel safe purchasing products there, where you walk into the other store next door and all of the Budtenders are trained. They’re certified. They understand the products.” It’s an entire different shopping experience and those stores are making more money.

Shango: Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. I think that it’s a common errant belief that just being able to replace employees is a good thing versus being willing to put investments in your employees not only so that they can sell more effectively but because they’ll stay around longer because they feel like you’re investing in them. That makes a lot of sense. We’re going to take our first short break. When we come back, we’re going to start talking about your Budtender Certification Course specifically. You are listening to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast.

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Welcome back, you are listening to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast. I am your host Shango Los and our guest this week is Max Montrose, founder of Trichome Institute. Before the break, we were talking about the importance of properly educating Budtenders both so that they’re giving good advice and recommendations to the customers but also because that ability causes them to sell more product which is also good for the store.

Max, I know that one of the key things that you have developed education wise for the public is your Budtender certification. Since on the first part of the show we were talking about the kinds of things that Budtenders don’t know. Let’s talk about the kinds of things that you’re teaching them that they should know. Just give us an overview of the Budtender course.

Max: Sure. To me what a Budtender course is, it’s about budtending and what that means is selling cannabis products. If you don’t understand the differences between the cannabis products then how can you do your job? So often when I take other people’s budtending courses, they just don’t even mention the products. They don’t teach people what the biological and chemical differences of indica and sativa are. I just don’t understand how you’re supposed to effectively educate the consumer on what the experiences they’re about to have because this is not selling ice cream or clothing.

You’re selling someone a psychoactive experience and the differences between the products are from zero to a hundred, from a five milligram edible sucker to a 95% THC Dab. What our course really focuses on is the products. Obviously as I said earlier in the show you can’t be a good Budtender without having good customer service. That actually is the first chapter. What is customer service and how does that work?

We also cover things like slang how okay is it to utilize slang in the job and sometimes it is okay and it depends on the customer and it depends on the situation in the scenario. Our course is very down to earth because we’ve been Budtenders before. We’ve run dispensaries, we know how it goes but the main focus of our course is the products.

Essentially, our Budtender Training and Certification textbook which we licensed to other cannabis education providers worldwide is essentially the bible of any and all cannabis products that could ever be. It literally breaks down every single hash and concentrate and how they are different from each other and how they should be vended responsibly by understanding each customer and patient tolerant level and experienced usage so that you can make a responsible choice when helping people select these psychotropic experiences.

Shango: That makes a lot of sense. Not only to have a standardized tome that everybody’s working from so that as new information comes out of the science you can just simply upgrade the one book and it gets everybody on the same page but also for tourists they’ll be getting the same information when they come to visit Colorado as they will get when they go to Washington or as they’ll get when they go home to California or wherever so that people are starting to get a uniformity in education.

That sounds like a really useful thing considering all the snafus we’ve had so far here in early legalization. Let me ask you this. Often when I walk into a cannabis shop, the Budtenders are sometimes staring off or chatting amongst themselves or even worst I asked a question and I’m told either that they don’t know the answer or that they tell me something that I know is not accurate.

For that first moment, when the Budtender is interacting with a new customer, how do you recommend that Budtenders handle that moment to help the customer get the experience they’re looking for?

Max: That really just comes down to good customer service. It’s not really product knowledge at that point. It’s how do you put your cellphone away because you’re on the job working and the thing is if people took … people need to take Budtenders more seriously so that they hire more serious people, the problem is this because Budtenders don’t receive any benefits or enough pay or education.

Generally, they hire some kind of shtunky people. It’s not uncommon to lock into a dispensary and be a little frustrated that you have an uneducated person trying to help you who really doesn’t care. That’s something that needs to change in this industry and it is changing because the dispensaries that are moving towards becoming more professional are going to prevail especially just due to customer selection.

When a new customer walks in the door, the first thing you need to do is analyze who your customer is by understanding what their tolerance is and their experience level but also what their goals are and what are their goals aren’t, what to avoid. One of my biggest frustrations with Budtender customer service is they love to suggest the product that they love which is problematic because the things that they really love and appreciate with their extremely high tolerances might not be the perfect product for someone who is coming in who’s brand new.

Shango: Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. Give an example. What are the couple questions that you would ask your customer to help tease out for them because like a lot of these people who are coming in the stores, they either haven’t tried cannabis or they haven’t tried cannabis since the 70’s or the 80’s when they were younger and before they had kids. What are kind of the some questions that you can suggest to help bring that information out of the customer?

Max: My number one question that I ask that I start out with is kind of the ice breaker that also gives me the most amount of information which is the least offensive to ask is, where are you from? The geography question is really incredible how much information you can get knowing where someone is from and yeah, that might be profiling a little bit but that’s what were trying to do here.

We’re trying to profile. Does this person come from a society that is knowledgeable in cannabis products? Because if they tell you that they’re from Bend, Oregon or Seattle, Washington or Anchorage, Alaska or Denver, Colorado or Oakland, California, you probably don’t have to hold their hand and describe them the differences between indica and sativa.

In fact, you probably annoy them because they probably already know or believe that they know. If you find someone who’s from a cannabis friendly geography, you just automatically know that they probably know more than most even if they are new to it but you don’t know that for sure because everyone’s different. That’s when you would go further in asking, “Well, are you someone whose really experienced in cannabis?”

If they tell you yes then you know that the kind of shopping experience they want is one where they know what they’re doing and they don’t really need help unless they ask for it or for the guidance versus when someone says, “I’m from Oklahoma or Tennessee.” then you can say, “Okay, how familiar are with you cannabis?” Based on what they say, you might be able to understand that they either need more help or not. I think that’s a really good starting point.

Shango: Yeah, I think that’s true and another thing that I liked while doing my research about the Budtender course that you put out is the understanding of where you draw the line on how much education a Budtender should have to be able to offer this concierge level services because for example, part of the ability to direct a customer to the right product would realistically involve understanding the different forms of THC and their effects that the other cannabinoids like CBD, CBV, CBN, CBG and of course like THC to CBD ratios and how they work with different ailments in case the person is truly a patient.

How much of that information do you think is necessary for the Budtender? The examples I gave, do you think they should know all of that? Or do you that so long as they can gently directly you to the products, that’s enough for what they’re being paid today.

Max: It has to be a gentle amount of the very technical information for a few different reasons. When we’re teaching Budtenders who specifically work in medical dispensaries, the number one thing we train them is you can’t give medical advice, not just because we think it’d be a good idea not to because it’s against the law and you yourself could get in trouble, not even just your shop, you can get in trouble.

I have to remind Budtenders from time to time that there are certain things that they do in this business that could have handcuffs thrown on them and it’s kind of like a little bit of a reality check because sometimes they get a little jaded after three months being on the job and they think it’s easy.

The most important thing is is you’re not a doctor and when you’re selecting medicine for someone, the way that you go about that needs to be careful and gentle. That’s just a reality. You can suggest to people things that you know based on quality trainings and personal experience but a lot of the times, understanding cannabinoid ratios doesn’t really even matter unless you understand the endocannabinoid system and then we’re getting into medical science and I’ve never met a Budtender in my life who has had any amount of medical training.

The Trichome Institute is not a medical training facility. We understand cannabis and what it does and how it works and that’s what a Budtender needs to know too. They need to know what cannabis is and how it works and recommend what is going to happen to a patient when they take these specific products and the best thing that you can do is have the product reps train the Budtenders themselves on how their products work specifically because some of these products are more detailed than what a general education can give you. That’s what I’d say.

Shango: Yeah, right on. I must admit your answer went counter to what I was expecting which … it’s always a pleasant surprise for me during interviews because I was thinking, I was expecting your answer to be, “Oh, they should know all of this stuff so they can pass on proper care.” But realistically, you’re right. It is more of a risk for both the Budtender and for the store to be giving this information.

In some cases, I can imagine store owners having to be in a position where they’re discouraging a really educated Budtender from going as far as the Budtender can, simply because they’re dispensing information while … they maybe accurate about the functioning of the endocannabinoid system and a CBD to THC ratio for a daily supplement or something like that.

That’s not really their role at this part at this point and it could actually get them in trouble. Maybe actually just providing … knowing where to stop is an important thing.

Max: It is and here’s the reality at the same time. Budtenders aren’t paid good enough to be educated well enough to understand those complicated things to a point where they actually could give good advice. It is dangerous how many Budtenders think they know what they’re talking about and are advising patients this is how products work and they couldn’t be further from the truth and that can get dangerous because people are using these products for serious medical reasons.

One of the things that drives me the most insane in this industry is the strain name dilemma. I can’t tell you how many patients walk in and say, “I’m looking very specifically for this type” and you just say, “Why?” “Well, because I heard on the internet, I read from a website or an app that this strain works this way.”

It’s like, “Okay, you do know that all the strain names made up right? Like I’m the guy who relabeled them because the pound came in and it didn’t have a name associated to it so I had to come up with a name that I knew people associate as brand trust ability so I’m going to counterfeit Blue Dream and I’m going to call this pound Blue Dream. Okay?”

In Colorado, we have 250 types of Blue Dream because 249 of them aren’t Blue Dream. If you use a website to understand how a strain is and how it will affect you and there are some websites out there, multi-million dollar huge ones that I know everyone knows what I’m talking about who are like, “Listen, this is a strain and this is how it works” and it’s like, “Where did your information come from?” “Oh, it’s aggregated from thousands of unregistered stoners who have no idea what they’re talking about.” That’s whose telling you how these genetics work.

The thing is if you have a patient whose got PTSD, they’re coming in and they’re asking you to help them prevent a paranoia experience and there are more types … there’s lots of types of cannabis that induce paranoia and the thing is you can detect which strains are paranoia inducers based on science, based on the smell of the bud and the structure of the bud and the features of it more than the name that was most likely counterfeited down the line in the black market before that genetic reach the hands of the legal market which is our situation today. The strain name thing is a big one for me.

Shango: Yeah, I can believe that. It can even be influenced by the particular grower and how they handle the crop and what terpenes were brought up by the particular nutrients that they put into it. You’re right. It’s really messy. I got a laugh about. I had not really considered the fact that most of the online databases for strains are crowd sourced which that’s the same reason why I hate using stuff like a lot of these medical websites like WebMD and these places that … maybe not WebMd but the other places where you Google your ailment and they all tell you you have Ebola and/or cancer and you’re probably going to die.

It’s just all these people posting their fears and concerns. Similarly with the cannabis sites, you’ve got the response from one cannabis enthusiast in one part of the country from one experience and they’re probably writing it high then and that’s a bad way to crowd source information. We need to take another short break, we’ll be right back and we will be talking about the complexity of suggesting edibles to tourists. We’ll be right back.

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Welcome back. You are listening to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast. I am your host Shango Los and our guest this week is Max Montrose, founder of The Trichome Institute. Before the break, we were talking about the importance of giving accurate information to customers when they come in to the cannabis shop and one of the most difficult things to give feedback to a customer on is edibles because they affect people so differently right from how their body handles it to also the milligram requirement from somebody whose a newbie to somebody who has got a high tolerance. What do you teach Budtenders Max so that they can give safe and reliable information to somebody who may be new to edibles?

Max: Everything that we teach from The Trichome Institute, our rule is we do not teach misinformation. How you can guarantee that you’re not going to teach misinformation is by collecting your data from the most reliable resource from the very top from the beginning and that’s what we do.

In Colorado, the state advertises constantly public service announcements, little cards and dispensaries everywhere and now the cannabis trainers out here do this exact same thing. The state of Colorado has this set idea about edibles that says start low and go slow which is true but what they mean by that specifically is start with ten milligrams and wait two hours and it’s like, “Okay, well, is that scientifically true or do you just think that that would be the best way to begin?” And the answer is, “It’s not scientifically true at all.”

What we do is we look at the science of cannabis, how does cannabis work scientifically? If you want to go to the top, the world’s authority on cannabinoid pharmacokinetic pharmacology is Dr. Franjo Grotenhermen of Nova University. That’s where we get our medical cannabis science from and if you research that science, that science suggests from Franjo that some people don’t feel the effects of edibles until six hours.

If you were to use the Colorado recommendation ten milligrams every two hours, if you’re someone who is going to get obliterated from five milligrams but you don’t feel it in a six hour period, you’re going to have 30 milligrams of THC in the time period that you would wait to feel it and then you’re going to get the train wreck effect which is the cars will stack up and hit you as the effect continuous to hit you as the hours keep stacking if that makes sense.

Shango: Yeah, it creates a cascading effect.

Max: It does, it does. We don’t say ten milligrams in two hours. We say less than five milligrams and wait all day long because what would it hurt if you didn’t have a terrifying experience? It would be a good thing if you didn’t versus the opposite way. You can always eat more later. You can’t take away what your stomach is digesting once you’ve eaten too much.

We tell people to really take it easy and the reason why is because edibles are a completely different drug than every single product that could be sold in the dispensary period and most people don’t know this. It baffles me that companies who own edible manufacturing facilities who literally make millions of dollars producing these products have no idea that they make a chemically different drug substance than all other dispensary products.

The difference is THC being digested through the liver instead of getting in the blood system. Smoking cannabis, vaping cannabis, tincture cannabis, sublinguals and transdermals will all enter your blood system and get into your cannabinoid, your endocannabinoid system, your CB1 and your CB2 through your blood system and that doesn’t change the molecular property of delta-9 THC but delta-9 THC is not water soluble and you are water yourself and you excrete extra chemicals through water bases.

Your liver has to make delta-9 water soluble and it does just that. It literally takes elements of the molecular chain and it rearranges the molecule so that it’s a water soluble format. The water soluble format in first metabolite of delta-9 is a different kind of psychoactive. It’s 11-hydroxy-THC, not delta-9 THC.

That molecule just so happens to work differently because it’s a different molecule. It’s unbelievably similar, unbelievably close like the difference between OxyContin and Oxycodone. You know they mean? It’s just a little tweak but that tweak makes a huge difference and the difference is 11-hydroxy can become expediential and what that means is your five milligrams could turn into an effect that’s really more like 25 milligrams.

If you eat a 100 milligram chocolate bar because you’re from Oklahoma and your Budtender wasn’t educated and didn’t tell you you’re not supposed to eat the whole damn thing. You’re only supposed to eat a 10th of the bar. This is why the state of Colorado has a 400% increase in ER visits from edible hospitalization specifically and most specifically from out of town people, people who aren’t from cannabis geographies who don’t know and Budtenders who aren’t explaining to them how this stuff works.

Shango: Even though taking that much cannabis it certainly not going to kill them. They are going to have a bad experience that may scare them off cannabis and might cause them to cause to call the paramedics but even though we know scientifically they’re going to be fine, they’re going to have a traumatic emotional experience and we want them to avoid that.

Max: Yeah, I’m going to touch on something that is really serious and is another thing a lot of people don’t really know and it’s something that the cannabis industry just needs to come to grips with because it’s a reality. Unfortunately, 11-Hydroxy more than delta-9 is … It is a for-sure thing that it’s specific 11-Hydroxy that has caused more than just a few times in the state of Colorado where we call that non-permanent edible induced psychosis.

You can actually read the reports of how old these people were, the fact that they are cannabis users for years and years and years with highly developed tolerances for whatever reason bought a chocolate bar and yes we actually make medical cannabis chocolate bars in the state that are 500 milligrams, 500 and because edibles can chemically become two to six times stronger, we’re talking about an experience that is thousands of milligrams of 11-Hydroxy and it is literally causing people to loose their minds for up to 24 to 48 hours and they’re put in to the psychiatric ward.

We did have one guy who pulled out the gun and shot his wife, blew her brains out and another who jump off the balcony in the same week and this is the kind of stuff where people who are advocates against cannabis are using stories like this to try to shut down our entire industry. It doesn’t have to be that way. The key here is education. Okay? If you don’t know what 500 milligrams means in a chocolate bar, that’s dangerous. If I asked you Shango, If I said a pint of beer equals a glass of wine equals how much spirit? You would say?

Shango: A shot.

Max: Yeah. Okay but if I asked someone from Oklahoma or from anywhere else, even people from Denver Colorado, even budtenders, people who know weed.

Shango: Should know better.

Max: Should know better. Do you understand the ratio or difference of edible milligrams? No. Nobody does. Okay? This is where education is really, really critical. Edibles are a serious thing and that’s why we take them seriously and that’s why we utilize science from the very, very top and which is why all of our education is reviewed and approved by the highest authorities of cannabis law, science and medicine.

Shango: Max, nobody wants to hear the story that you just said. I’m only thinking about the ramifications and I can imagine the audience shaking their head and some people getting pissed at you for saying this but that’s the problem with the story that you’re bringing out because those of us who are cannabis enthusiasts A, we don’t want to believe what you’re saying and B, we don’t want the prohibitionist folks to be able to use that kind of a story against the industry but we are in a brand new day of people using cannabis.

Obviously we’re going to learn more about cannabis use as suddenly all these new people are using it. A story like you’re saying if it gets played from the prohibitionists all these enthusiasts are going to go, “Oh, that’s BS studies and you can’t believe them because they were brought up on DARE.” Then on people on our side we just want you to shut the hell up because we don’t want you to ruin the industry by suddenly creating a situation where cannabis can be called dangerous but really the heart of the matter is that as a society and as a culture, we are becoming re introduced to this powerful herbal supplement in our lives and really talking about this so that we all can have the proper education while hard is something that we have to do.

Max: Yeah, let me just put it to this way. I didn’t believe this edible induced psychosis thing and when I was actually working with the health department, I kept telling them that they’re all crazy and out of their minds and this is just propaganda rhetoric, this is Reefer Madness shit but the reality is I did the research myself and I looked into it and I read the hospitals reviews and I read the bios on who these people were and how experienced with cannabis they were and I read the things that they were saying during their non-permanent psychosis and I think that’s another important part.

You’re not going to go crazy forever. You could either have the worst experience ever. You could either pass out and wake up the next day fine but it is people who are kind of their brains are more setup for psychosis where edibles just snap the point that kind of keeps them in line but it isn’t forever but the thing is it is real and true and guess what else is real and true?

Dabbing is really, really dangerous and people, some people they watch interviews of me explaining this and the dab heads get really upset and frustrated with me but for all of the people who had no idea what happens to your CB1 receptor when you dab and specifically what you dab and how you dab it. People thank me all day long for saving them from doing something that they were doing on a daily basis that they didn’t understand could have really potential negative consequences in the future.

The thing is if you’re an adult and you understand what the dangers are, what the risks and the rewards, you’re totally allowed to go do whatever you want. I don’t care what you do. You can jump off a cliff. You can shoot heroine. People are allowed to be people. Adults are allowed to be adults but it is not fair to anyone to allow someone to engage in something that’s potentially dangerous without the knowing. That’s not okay.

As long as people understand what the dangers are, they can actually navigate how to do dabbing the right way because there are types of dabbing that aren’t bad for you, that aren’t dangerous but the question is what’s the difference between proper and non proper dabbing and it takes a little bit of time to explain that. It’s not rocket science but if you don’t know, you probably should know.

Shango: Max, it was almost … it is time for us to wrap up the show but there’s no way that I can let you go without getting … you are an intentional and you have a slow cadence to your speech but we need to hear this right so can you give me the 90-second version of safe dabbing versus unsafe dabbing because if I don’t ask the question I’m going to get all this hate mail about. “He was right there and you had him, let’s hear it.” Break it down for me but do so swiftly because we’re almost out of time.

Max: Nope. I’m not going to do it. Just kidding man. One thing I’ll say is there is so much to know like it’s more than edibles, it’s more than dabbing. I have literally published four textbooks worth of information that people should probably know and how we update people on how this stuff is coming out and when it’s coming out is by signing up on our email listing on our web page because we’re constantly updating education and our education is constantly getting better.

When a lot of this online stuff is coming out, I’d love to inform people when that is so if people want to stay up to date with these kind of stuff, I highly recommend our newsletter especially because every newsletter we send out, we give free articles and free videos of me explaining things like this from time to time to make it interesting but so that we don’t piss off any viewers. The difference between safe and unsafe dabbing is what you’re dabbing and how you dab it.

There actually is no science that heating up a titanium nail doesn’t produce off gasses of titanium when inhaling the soft metal and a lot of people will say, “Well, the titanium is medical grade titanium.” And it’s like, “Great. When they put medical grade titanium into your body, do they heat it up as a soft metal thousands of times over and over again and do you inhale the vapor off of it?” “No. Okay? We don’t know that heating little pieces of metal and smoking off them aren’t dangerous.” But I’ve actually seen people dab with paper clips when they couldn’t find another tool to use.

Well, paper clips are really soft aluminum and aluminum is a neurological retardant. If you’re pressing aluminum to a hot plate and sucking off of that, you are damaging your brain in a really heavy way. The other thing are the parts per million and in Colorado, we have an accepted legal limit of 800 parts per million of flammable BHL, Butane.

It is okay to have 800 parts per million of a flammable gas that you literally suck through your cerebral cortex via dabbing and a lot of dab heads actually got some grief from when I considered it freebasing but if you understand the definition of freebasing, dabbing is free basing.

You’re not just freebasing cannabinoids, you’re freebasing a lot of toxic crap and a lot of people don’t know that CO2 favors pesticides and fungicides more than it does cannabinoids and because pesticides and fungicides are unregulated and people are dumping gallons of toxic chemicals on flowers which really maintain them through the sticky trichomes, when you concentrate that, just know that we’re already sometimes the growers already spray more than four times the legal EPA limit for what we consider for food on cannabis which you smoke and then when you concentrate that, it sometimes can become ten times higher.

Four times times ten times, were talking about a hundred times more bigger than the EPA limit of poisons that you’re now freebasing to your brain. Okay? It’s more than just the residual part per millions of the solvents. It’s poisons that the extraction method is condensing and then at the end of it, what happens is, isn’t it amazing that a dab is 95 % THC but the experience only last 15 minutes, why is that?

The reason why is because your cannabinoid receptors in your brain, your CB1s are so heavily overloaded. Every single receptor is loaded at once that you’re actually … the vast majority of what you’re dabbing gets wasted and the cannabinoids are just flying through your brain and your brain really doesn’t really know what to do with it so it shuts down your receptors by killing them and turning them off to protect yourself because your body doesn’t understand what’s happening with this violent ingestion of cannabinoids.

What that means is you are literally mowing down your cannabinoid receptors which is your ability to perceive cannabis. Euphoria is out the window and your tolerance is going sky rocketing up which is why dab heads gets frustrated smoking flower. They can’t get high smoking a joint with their friends anymore and it gets really scary when dab heads bring their dab kit to concerts with them or to the bar.

I’m not kidding. I’ve had buddies pull out a dab rig on the bar because that’s their only method of getting off at this point because they’ve mowed down their ability to perceive cannabis in a more gentle way. That’s heavy. I think that’s heavy.

Shango: That is really heavy. I can imagine that you’re splitting the audience into one group who are feeling liberated by the information that you’re providing and then the other part that you’re really pissing off because you sound like a DARE ad, but I know you to be a very dedicated cannabis lover who who understands the medicinal benefits and actually you just want people to use it right and this is information that is not getting spread around and this is why we had you on the show.

Max: I appreciate that. Before I piss everyone off, I’ll just say that there is an okay and a proper way to dab and that’s more of your Rosin things that cannabis that wasn’t sprayed with chemicals, organic cannabis that was extracted with a non-solvent so you’ve got 0.00 part per million and you dab glass on glass. If you’ve got a glass dab rod and you got a glass nail and you’re using a really clean extract that has no residual solvents or poisons, what’s the problem?

There isn’t one. Okay? If you’re going to be a dabber in that boutique and love that experience, you should do that and also some really critical medical patients benefit from dabbing. People who have MS whose bodies become so constricted with their brain lesions firing off that they don’t have enough time to sit there and smoke a bowl or smoke a joint because they can’t move. They’re physically stuck. I’ve actually given my own MS patients, I’ve put the rig up to their lips.

If they can at least inhale that amount of medicine that it works that fast, their bodies relaxed instantly and they’re almost … whatever their problem is is solved with a snap of the finger because it’s a dab. This is America. People should have a free choice. It would suck if all beer was only 3.2%. Some people like whisky and the harder stuff so take a dab. I just want you to know the difference between positive dabbing and potentially really dangerous dabbing and that’s all.

Shango: Right on Max. I’m really glad that there’s somebody like you willing to say the hard stuff who’s putting together the curriculum for Budtenders around the country. Thank you so much for being on the show Max.

Max: Thank you Shango. I really appreciate it.

Shango: Max Montrose is the founder and president of The Trichome Institute. You can find out more at trichomeinstitute.com and I really do recommend that you go to check out the website, not only can you sign up for the newsletter that Max was talking about where you can get updated information like the surprising things he’s been saying during this third part of the show but also we never got a chance to talk about the interprener sommelier certification program that he offers where you study terpenes intensely and you approach it as a wine connoisseur. It’s really interesting stuff and it’s there on the website at trichomeinstitute.com.

You can find more episodes of the Ganjapreneur Podcast in the podcast section at Ganjapreneur.com and in the Apple iTunes store. On the Ganjapreneur.com website, you will find the latest cannabis news, product reviews and cannabis jobs updated daily along with transcriptions of this podcast.

You can also download the Ganjapreneur.com app in both iTunes and Google Play. For info on me and where I’ll be speaking, you can go to shangolos.com. Do you have a company that wants to reach our national audience of cannabis enthusiasts? Email grow@gajapreneur.com to find out how. Today’s show is produced by Michael Rowe. I am your host Shango Los.

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Vermont Gov. Signs MMJ Program Expansions Into Law

Vermont Gov. Peter Shumlin has signed a law expanding the state’s medical marijuana system, a press release issued Monday reports.

The new law expands the list of qualifying conditions for cannabis treatment to include patients with glaucoma, chronic pain, and patients under hospice care. Previously, Vermont‘s medical marijuana program serviced only patients with cachexia or wasting syndrome, cancer, HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, seizures, severe pain and severe nausea. The new qualifying conditions take effect immediately.

The new law also mandates the childproof packaging of medical marijuana products and adds labeling requirements for infused edible products.

“At a time when opiate addiction is ravaging our state and drug companies continue to urge our doctors to pass out painkillers like candy, we need to find a more practical solution to pain management,” said Gov. Shumlin. “This bill ensures that Vermonters who are suffering will have access to medicine that is high quality, laboratory tested, and most importantly non-addictive.”

Earlier this year, the Vermont House killed a Senate-approved legalization bill, which would have made Vermont the first eastern U.S. state to legalize recreational cannabis, and the first state to do so via the legislature.

The Vermont legislature legalized medical marijuana in 2003.

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New York Cannabis Advocates Pushing for Expanded Access as Session Winds Down

New York lawmakers and medical cannabis advocates are continuing their fight to expand the state’s Compassionate Care Act, calling the current state of the program “overly restrictive” and touting cannabis as a safe and effective alternative to opioid pain relievers, during a press conference at the capitol.

Assemblyman Richard Gottfried (D) has proposed three bills to grow the program; A.9510 would give physician assistants and nurse practitioners the power to prescribe medical marijuana; A.9562 removes the 10 milligram dosing limits and adds Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, dystonia, muscular dystrophy, wasting syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus to the list of conditions treatable by marijuana under the law; and A.9514A seeks to allow chronic pain not associated with another condition to be treated with cannabis.

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Assemblyman Richard Gottfried spoke at length Wednesday morning about three proposals to expand and improve New York’s Compassionate Care Act.

Under the law, the Department of Health is authorized to add conditions to the list of eligible conditions, but has declined to make any changes thus far. Gottfried says the Health Department has failed to add to the list because they are “responding to instructions” from Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D).

“The governor very clearly has a very restrictive attitude toward this program,” Gottfried said. “You’d have to ask him where that comes from.”

Kate Hintz, a parent of a 5-year-old child with intractable epilepsy and patient advocate, says due to the restrictive nature of the program her daughter is not able to acquire the medicine she needs in New York.

“We were told that New York’s program would be an example of how to get medical marijuana right. Instead we have fallen short of that goal with a program having too many restrictions and too few patients,” she said. “Allowing nurse practitioners and physician assistants to participate in the programs, and adding conditions like PTSD and chronic pain, will make a significant difference to thousands of New Yorkers.”

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Patient advocate Kate Hintz, mother of a 5-year-old child who suffers from epilepsy, addresses the crowd.

Assemblymember Linda Rosenthal (D), chair of the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Committee said that chronic pain needs to be added to the list of treatable conditions because of the prevalence of opioid-based treatments for chronic pain, noting that number of deaths attributed to opioid overdoses have overtaken those due to car accidents in the state.

“Allowing chronic pain sufferers to use medical marijuana would have a transformative impact on the scale of our addiction crisis,” she said. “In 2012 there was a mind-boggling 259 million opioid prescriptions – that’s more than enough for one for each person.”

In a memo by advocacy group Compassionate Care New York, the group cites a Montefiore Medical Center study that concluded between 1999 to 2010 states with effective medical marijuana programs had a 25 percent reduction in opioid pain reliever overdose deaths. According to the Center for Disease Control, there were 165,000 opioid pain-killer deaths from 1999 to 2014 – compared to zero from marijuana. Of the 23 states with medical marijuana programs, 17 include chronic pain as an eligible condition.

“Severe chronic pain is often treated with opioids that are much more dangerous and addictive than medical marijuana,” Gottfried, chair of the Assembly Health Committee, said. “…It’s an important step in harm reduction and good public policy.”

Gottfried indicated that he expects all three bills to be voted on by the Assembly before the legislative session concludes. They would then head to the Senate, where they are sponsored by Senator Diane Savino (D) (S.6998, S.6999) and Senator Gustavo Rivera (D) (S.7249A).

Savino is also pushing for a home-delivery program to be enacted by the Department of Health, who have dragged their feet on the proposal, first considered in January.

“These are common sense improvements to the program, and we will be bringing help and relief to countless more patients in New York State,” she said.

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U.S. Government Bans Cannabis Farmers From Using Federal Water Supply

The U.S. federal government has notified officials in Chelan County, Washington that using the federal water supply to cultivate state-legal cannabis is illegal.

The U.S. Department of Interior issued a letter to Chelan County’s Department of Community Development, stating the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation cannot allow the use of water from the Columbia Basin Project for the production of marijuana, because cannabis remains a federally-prohibited substance.

Chelan County Commissioners Ron Walter, Keith Goehner and Doug England joined News Radio 560 KPQ‘s Steve Hair for a conversation about the letter and how extensive of an impact this may have on the region’s professional pot farmers.

“If you’re [growing cannabis] under an irrigation district that has federal funds involved, it would preclude you from using that water,” said Commissioner Goehner.

The Lake Chelan Reclamation District issued an email several months ago reminding farmers that “it was not legal to use Lake Chelan Reclamation water for growing marijuana,” Commissioner England said.

The Columbia Basin Project is an extensive irrigation network in Central Washington; the largest water reclamation project in the United States, it’s made possible by the Grand Coulee Dam.

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Colorado Passes Law Requiring Schools to Allow Medical Marijuana

Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper signed a law Monday that will require Colorado schools to establish medical marijuana policies for students who are licensed to use non-smokeable cannabis products, KKTV reports.

The new law requires Colorado school districts to create a policy allowing qualified students to medicate on school grounds. Districts that would rather opt out of the program must be able to prove they have lost federal funding as a result of the policy. Otherwise, they must update their school district’s website with an “easy to find” explanation for why they are choosing to not offer a compassionate medical cannabis policy. The law also says that if a school district loses federal funding as a result of their medical marijuana policy changes, the state will reimburse any money lost.

“The attitudes are changing and we are so grateful for that because there is no more fear,” said Stacey Linn of Jefferson County, whose son Jack Splitt uses medical cannabis in the treatment of his Cerebral Palsy. “It’s not scary, it’s good. It’s a miracle,” said Linn.

School District 49 in Falcon, Colorado has already changed its policy regarding medical cannabis after a disabled student was suspended last year for inadvertently bringing yogurt mixed with cannabis pills to school in his home-packed lunch. The new policy takes effect at the start of the next school year, and D-49 officials have said they hope other districts will reach out with any questions while drafting their own updated policies.

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NFL football displayed on turf.

Top NFL Doctors Contemplate Cannabis as Pain Management Alternative

NFL pro Eugene Monroe turned heads last month when he announced an $80,000 contribution toward the funding of medical marijuana research. The Baltimore Ravens’ offensive tackle has argued since making public his support for cannabis that the plant is a safe and effective alternative to more traditional pain management methods, such as prescription painkillers and opiates.

Now, it appears that some of the NFL’s top doctors have received Monroe’s message, and recently requested an educational conference call with the researchers funded by Monroe’s contribution to discuss the potential advantages of cannabis treatment, according to a Washington Post report.

Jeff Miller, the NFL’s senior vice president for player health and safety, and neurological surgeon Russell Lonser, a member of the league’s head, neck and spine committee, joined the marijuana researchers for a conference call last Thursday to learn more about the upcoming study.

While Miller and Lonser did not endorse Monroe’s stance, their willingness to have a conversation about marijuana’s potential benefits is a good sign for the NFL.

“They are interested in learning more about the potential for cannabinoids to help current and former players, as is evidenced by them taking the call, and also expressed a desire to learn more,” said Marcel Bonn-Miller, assistant professor for the University of Pennsylvania school of medicine. “They are definitely showing genuine curiosity, and they are definitely not throwing up roadblocks.”

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Michigan Ballot Initiative Stalled Over ‘Old’ Signatures

The ballot drive to legalize recreational marijuana in Michigan is at least 106,000 signatures short, according to the state elections bureau, who have ruled 137,000 signatures are older than 180 days, Wood TV 8 reports.

The fate of the initiative, led by the Michigan Comprehensive Cannabis Law Reform Committee, now rests with the Board of State Canvassers who will meet on Thursday to consider including those signatures, but the matter could end up in court. Another group gathering signatures in Michigan to prohibit fracking has already sued the state over the 180-day window, calling it unconstitutional. There is currently legislation on Gov. Rick Snyder’s desk that would codify the 180-day timeframe for a petition signature to be considered valid.    

According to the activist group’s website, they collected “probably” over 375,000 signatures of the 252,523 required to get the measure on the November ballot. The group filed 354,000 signatures to the elections bureau on July 1.

Recreational cannabis supporters in Maine faced a similar roadblock in their efforts when Secretary of State Matthew Dunlap blocked the initiative in March over signatures that were obtained outside of the 180-day window. In April, however, a state judge ruled that Dunlap “committed an error of law by applying a vague, subjective and/or unduly burdensome interpretation” of the law regarding petition signatures.

Arizona, California, Massachusetts and Nevada are expected to have legalization initiatives on the fall ballot.  

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National Poll: 54% Support for Recreational Legalization, 89% Support for Medical

American voters support the general legalization of cannabis with a 54 to 41 percent majority, a Quinnipiac University poll released on Monday indicates. The nationwide poll was conducted May 24-30 using live interviewers, who called voters on their landlines and cell phones. 1,561 registered voters were interviewed.

Unsurprisingly, support for general legalization is split along party lines. Democrats support legalizing cannabis for adults with a 65 to 30 percent majority, while Republicans support the continuing of prohibition at 62 to 36 percent. However, only a majority of Republican voters and voters over 65 years old would vote against legalization, the poll authors note. “All other listed groups support legalizing marijuana, with white women tied 47 – 48 percent,” the authors wrote.

Pollsters also asked voters for their opinion on allowing adults to legally use marijuana for medical purposes when prescribed by a doctor, and found that 89 percent of poll respondents were in favor. Republican voters showed the least amount of support for medical legalization, yet boasted an 81 to 17 percent majority in favor.

Finally, Quinnipiac pollsters asked voters specifically about whether or not U.S. Veterans Administration doctors should be allowed to prescribe pill-form cannabis in states where it is legal to veterans suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. A similar super majority (87 to 9 percent) was apparent, with only a slight dip in support among military households (82 to 13 percent).

“If you serve your country and suffer for it, you deserve every health remedy available, including medical marijuana in pill form. That is the full-throated recommendation of Americans across the demographic spectrum, including voters in military households,” said Tim Malloy, the poll’s assistant director.

“The response from voters should take political considerations out of the debate and allow doctors to do what’s best for veterans,” Malloy said.

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NYC Marijuana Arrests Increasing in 2016

Marijuana possession arrests in New York City are up sharply in the first three months of 2016 – more than 30 percent, according to a report by the state Division of Criminal Justice Services. An astounding 5,311 people were arrested for possession or sale of small amounts of marijuana from January to March, up from 3,973 during that same period a year ago.

The uptick comes two years after Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that officers would issue a summons instead of arresting people in possession of 25 grams or less. The policy changes reduced the number of misdemeanor pot arrests by 56 percent between 2014 and 2015.

Edwin Raymond, an eight-year NYPD veteran, says the spike is due to the NYPD losing a revenue stream after the Stop-and-Frisk program was discontinued. Raymond is currently involved in a class-action lawsuit against the department centered around quota-based policing and cops being used to “generate revenue.”

“Say they want five arrests a month from every officer. They’ll keep pressuring you until you get that,” he said in a Village Voice report. “Marijuana becomes the easiest arrest because everybody smokes weed — across ethnicities and racial lines. It’s a minor infraction, it’s the low-hanging fruit.”

A misdemeanor cannabis arrest is worth between $1,500 and $2,000 after penalties, covering police, court and pre-arraignment jail costs.

New York Police Chief Bill Bratton has rallied against marijuana legalization throughout his tenure with the department, most recently attributing “most” of the drug violence in the city to the marijuana trade.

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AZ Judge Says MMJ Should Be Considered for Parkinson’s Patients

According to a statement issued by Administrative Law Judge Dorinda Lang on May 24, the Arizona Department of Health Services wrongly denied petitioners a hearing for whether or not Parkinson’s disease should qualify a patient for the state’s medical marijuana program, the Phoenix New Times reports.

The ruling is a result of appeals made by the Arizona Cannabis Nurses Association against the DHS, which rejected several petitions last year that would have expanded the qualifying conditions list for medical cannabis in Arizona. Appeals targeted the state’s denials for patients suffering from Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, specifically,

“In a desire for professionalism, the department has utilized a standard of proof that is higher than the rules call for,” Lang wrote in her eight-page statement.

According to Lang, state rules require only that “evidence” of the efficacy of cannabis treatment must be presented before a petition is considered — that means “any evidence,” the judge clarified. The Arizona Cannabis Nurses Association filed their appeal with two scientific studies indicating “significant” improvement in motor skills, sleep, and pain relief for Parkinson’s patients who could tolerate cannabis treatment.

“This is more than a scintilla of evidence,” said Lang.

The judge has called for a public hearing on whether or not Parkinson’s should be added to the state’s MMJ program’s list of qualifying conditions.

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New Mexico MMJ Patients Suffering Through Bureaucratic Delays

Medical cannabis patients in New Mexico are suffering unduly long waiting periods while their medical marijuana patient enrollment applications are processed by the New Mexico Department of Health. And the longer they wait for legal access to their medicine, patients face increasing risks of both legal and health repercussions.

Under state law, the Department of Health is allowed up to 30 days to process a patient’s application for the medical marijuana program. The current wait time for an application is more like 60 days, however, the Drug Policy Alliance reports.

“We are very concerned about the patients who are put at risk for criminal penalties, prosecution, and may be forced into the illicit market to maintain their supply of medicine,” Jessica Gelay, a policy coordinator for the Drug Policy Alliance, said in a statement released Thursday. “While we appreciate that there is a plan in place to deal with the problem in time, we … believe that more could be done to address this serious situation, affecting thousands of patients every month, immediately.”

The Department of Health Medical Cannabis Advisory Board had suggested a “grace period” be provided for patients who are awaiting their application’s approval, but the Secretary of Health turned down such a proposal. A grace period, “is not contemplated in statute, [and] patients who used or accessed cannabis during that period could be exposed to arrest or prosecution,” the Secretary of Health argued.

New Mexico legalized medical cannabis in 2008. There are more than 24,000 patients currently enrolled in the program.

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Tad Hussey: Aerated Compost Teas

Tad Hussey, founder of KIS Organics, recently joined our podcast host Shango Los for the third part of his three-part interview series on probiotic growing techniques. This week, Tad discusses how he uses aerated compost teas to supplement his organic grows. In the interview he discusses how to set up a compost brewer, how to extract nutrients from the compost into the water to use for growing, and what ingredients his personal recipe for a compost tea contains. If you haven’t heard them already, check out Tad’s previous two interviews on building your own soil and taking from nature to craft your own probiotic soil nutrients. Listen to this week’s episode below, or scroll down for the full transcript!

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Listen to the Podcast:


Read the Transcript:

Shango: Hi, there and welcome to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast. I’m your host, Shango Los. The Ganjapreneur.com Podcast gives us an opportunity to speak directly to entrepreneurs, cannabis growers, product developers and cannabis medicine researchers all focused on making the most of cannabis normalization. As your host, I do my best to bring you original cannabis industry ideas that will ignite your own entrepreneurial spark and give you actionable information to improve your business strategy and improve your health and the health of cannabis patients everywhere.

Today is part three of our three-part series with Tad Hussey of Keep It Simple Organics. Keep It Simple is an edible nursery, production greenhouse, outdoor preschool organic hydro shop and feed store in Washington State. Tad is an educator and a sought-after speaker on probiotic growing. During the first two parts of this series, we talked about wild crafting probiotics for nutrient teas and building soil. Today, we’re going to talk about compost teas. Welcome back to the show, Tad.

Tad: Thanks for having me, Shango.

Shango: I know I sound strange this week. I had contracted a respiratory infection flying down to LA for the Cannabis Entrepreneur Summit last weekend and I’m running a fever, man, so if I pass out, you can just finish the show as a lecture.

Tad: All right. I appreciate you doing this.

Shango: Right on. This show brings us full circle because you may recall that this three-part series started when you and I were talking and I realized that I didn’t understand the difference between nutrient teas and compost teas because I thought they were the same thing. We decided to break up probiotic growing into three shows so that everyone could get up to speed on how to grow using less store bought nutrients. Let’s start from where you and I started. Would you share the difference between nutrient teas and compost teas which is what we’re talking about today?

Tad: Yeah. Just to make the definition a little bit easier, specifically, I want to focus today on aerated compost teas where we’re purposely adding oxygen to select for beneficial aerobic microorganisms, ones that want high oxygen conditions to survive. When we talk about nutrient teas, we’re specifically talking about extracting nutrients out of a plant matter or out of compost, what’s leeching off the bottom of the compost pile, for example, would be considered a nutrient application whereas when we’re making aerated compost teas, we are specifically adding beneficial microorganisms with the purpose of increasing our microbial activity and overall nutrient cycling.

Shango: Is there a particular microbe that we’re going for or is this an entire spectrum of microbes that we’re allowing that to evolve?

Tad: That’s a great question. When we make aerated compost tea, it’s a shotgun approach. What we’re really looking to do here is put out as many beneficial microorganisms as we can and really let the plant be in control because the plant is constantly photosynthesizing, bringing in energy and it’s putting anywhere from 30 to 70% of that energy back out through its root system specifically to feed the microbes in the soil. By having more of these beneficial microbes in the soil, we’re going to increase that nutrient cycling process and help our plant be healthier.

Shango: I want to drill on that because I actually never even considered that. What you said, that the plant is actually putting out nutrients out its root system to feed the microbes, is that what you said?

Tad: Yeah. They’re called root exudates. They’re putting out things like sugars, carbons, basic carbohydrates right out into the root system as a way of feeding the microbes. If the plant needs more nitrogen, for example, it will select exudates that will cycle nutrients, select bacteria, for example, that will help produce nitrogen in the form that the plant wants. When we’re putting out Miracle-Gro or other chemical nutrients, we’re actually killing off and damaging this process. That’s why it’s so important when we’re fertilizing teas, organic fertilizer and really promote the health of the microbial communities in their rhizosphere.

Shango: That’s really interesting. I can imagine that if you’re not feeding your microbe community properly, you actually could be starting to starve the plant because the plant’s going to continue to try to feed the microbe community and your plant will just be thriving less. If you’re feeding the microbe community and the plant has to do less, it can focus more on thriving itself. Is that a good explanation?

Tad: Yeah. It’s a really important distinction to realize that when we are putting out organic fertilizers, whether they’re bottled nutrients or any sort of product like alfalfa meal, for example, we’re not actually feeding the plant. We’re feeding all these microbes in the soil that are then cycling the nutrients, making the plants available whereas when we put out mineral salt or fertilizer in an ionic form, we’re directly feeding the plants, so really, really important that we have these microbes in place in order to make the nutrients available.

Shango: Right on. Let’s dive right into the recipe because I’m sure that will tease out a lot more after that but why don’t you go ahead and explain for folks how to make their aerated compost teas at home and then we’ll take it apart afterwards?

Tad: Sure. You can do this as simply or as scientifically as you want. If you’re looking for the simplest recipe, Tim Wilson has a real simple stir method you can read about on his website at microbeorganics.com. If you want to actually get into it, there’s a bunch of other recommendations from him that are really good in terms of the amount of oxygen, for example, that you need to put into your brewer in order to maintain dissolved oxygen levels at adequate points for the proper aerobic microorganisms.

Assuming that you have a brewer already that will do these sorts of things, maintain your oxygen levels above six parts per million for the entire brew cycle, then you can start looking at recipes for maximizing the quality of your compost tea. Again, Tim recommends about 2.3% by volume of compost which works out to about a cup and a half to two cups of compost in a five-gallon brewer, for example. Then, to that, you can add some unsulfured blackstrap molasses which is really easy to find. Most local feed stores will have it. If you need to, you can also go to Whole Foods or grocery store to pick that up, adding about one in a quarter to one in three-quarters tablespoons per gallon of water of the molasses and then, you can also add in some fish hydrolysate, for example, or alfalfa meal. There’s a bunch of different things you can put into your teas.

Shango: Tad, what is a compost brewer? I thought that compost was just made in a five-gallon bucket with a bubbler in it.

Tad: That’s essentially what a compost tea brewer is. What we’re doing there is we’re trying to raise dissolved oxygen levels in the water and maintain them through the entire brewing cycle and then those bubbles or diffuser are necessary in order to strip the microorganisms off of the compost or soil particulate out into the water where they’ll start reproducing. The three things you really need is a brewer. Then, you need a good quality source of beneficial microorganisms which in this case, we’d use a finished compost. Then, lastly, you need to add a food source for those microbes which would be any of the things we discussed like unsulfured molasses, fish hydrolysates. Our company makes a product called Microbe Catalyst. There’s a ton of different things out there that you can use to feed those microbes.

Shango: We’ll talk in a little while about scalability for people who are using this at a commercial level but right now, since we’re talking about the basics, if somebody is at home and they don’t want to purchase a brewer, could they go ultra-simple and just throw the compost, the water and the nutrient food for the microbes and an aquarium bubbler in a five-gallon and just brew it that way or do we really need something store bought that will control the levels for you?

Tad: If you’re buying something store bought, what you should be paying for is that they’ve done this level of testing for you. They should be able to tell you various temperatures, elevation, food stocks and compost, how long you would need to brew or any other variables there. That’s what you should ask for, is some direct microscopy or lab test to support whatever company is selling a brewer because there’s a lot of people out there that haven’t done any of that testing and just throw an aquarium pump in a bucket and call it a compost tea brewer.

Now, the one thing to consider with all that is you need .05 to .08 CFM per gallon of water as a general rule. Again, this is from Tim Wilson. He’s done some of the best research here in North America on compost teas. That’s really important. Those average aquarium bubblers that you pick up, say, down at the pet store are not going to be pushing enough oxygen, in general, to make up five gallons. You’re much better off, if you do have one of those bubblers, for example, and want to use it and make your own tea, make a half gallon of tea and then add that to four and a half gallons of water after you’re finished making sure that the water is dechlorinated. Then, apply that to your plants rather than trying to brew five gallons with a really small bubbler.

Shango: Right on. I would think that the way to look at it is since we want to use compost teas to get us off of bottled and synthetic nutrients that can be purchased, we should look at it as, okay, you’re going to shoulder this expense to buy this brewer but you’re going to be saving all those money on store bought nutrients. Even though you got to go out of pocket a little bit, you’re going out of pocket for something that’s going to save you a ton of money.

Tad: Potentially, yes. Though keep in mind, you don’t have to buy a commercial brewer. Those are just the guidelines I’d like to set when people do consider buying a brewer to make sure they’re not getting ripped off.

Shango: Right on. I guess there’s a range. You could just do it in a five-gallon bucket and you could also buy one at the store but your mileage may vary.

Tad: Sure, exactly. I’ve been doing this for a long time. We have some people that will do the stir method in a bucket and apply it to their plants and are totally happy. We have other commercial applicators that literally have a microscope that they take around on site to check the tea right before they apply it to make sure that it’s at the highest levels of microbial activity and biomass. Really, you can do it any way you want. The big thing there is that you want to select for aerobic microorganisms in this case so that we really keep those oxygen levels high if we’re adding a food source. If you do the stir method where you’re literally just putting compost into a bucket, stirring it over the course of a period of time and then watering it in, it’s not as much of an issue.

Shango: Cool. We’re going to take a short break and be right back. You are listening to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast.

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Welcome back. You are listening to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast. I am your host, Shango Los. Our guest this is Tad Hussey of Keep It Simple Organics. Tad, right before the break, we were talking about store bought brewers versus just using a five-gallon bucket. I was caught off-guard because I thought that most everybody at home was just using a five-gallon bucket because that’s actually what I’ve seen most often. What’s a typical price point for an at-home brewer? I don’t mean like a big commercial one but just something that a patient or a medical marijuana patient would be using?

Tad: Sure. For a commercial brewer, for example, from our company, you’re looking at $300 for our five-gallon brewer and then, the 50-gallon brewer that we carry is actually made by Tim Wilson. That one runs $600 with free shipping. Really there, what you need to consider is the cost per brew after that point and think about how you’re going to get the material for that. Ideally, you’re making your own earthworm castings and compost and then putting that into the brewer with some molasses.

Companies like mine also sell packs that range in cost anywhere from a few dollars to $10 on that per brew once you have the brewer in place. In terms of free brewers, there’s a design by Oregon State available on the web and then also, I think on ICMAG in the organic soil forum, there’s a whole thread on a five-gallon airlift brewer that is a solid design too if you’re mechanically inclined and want to make your own brewer.

Shango: I like that idea. That gives people a good option. If you want commercial and easy, you can throw down some duckets and if you got some DIY spirit and you like hanging out at Home Depot, pull up some plans and make your own. That sounds good. Can the tea be over brewed? I’ve seen some people brew forever. I remember when you spoke at CannaCon in Seattle over the winter, that you were suggesting that forever brew isn’t really the best way to go. Can you break that out a little bit?

Tad: Sure. That’s a great question, Shango. When I talk about perpetual brewing, what I’m talking about is making a compost tea and then letting it go for a few days to a week or however long just pulling out tea as you want and maybe adding more compost or more water over time. This sounds like a wonderful idea but what we find that really, 24 to 36 hours under most conditions is the optimal amount of time to brew because we’re trying to maximize our microbial diversity. When you think about it, it makes a lot of sense. It’d be like for example, if you went to the zoo and opened up all the gates and let all the animals out, after let’s say a week, you’d probably only just have some lions and some rats left. Everything else would be gone.

What we find is when you brew for three days, four days or on and on, what you end up with is the fungal hyphae pretty much goes away. Usually, you’ll see one morphology bacteria. That’s just a shape of bacteria. You’ll see one species that’s really thriving and everything else disappears. Then, you’ll see one species of flagellate that will survive and everything else disappears. Then, it just becomes a rollercoaster. The flagellates eat all the bacteria. Once that food source goes away, you have a ton of flagellates that die off and then the bacteria blooms again. This just goes back and forth.

Now, that tea could still have some plant benefit but it really isn’t the purpose of why we make compost tea. For that same reason, that’s why you can’t throw it out in the fridge. It doesn’t have a shelf life after it’s done. Once you brew it, you really need to apply it within a few hours. I like to keep the motor running right up until I put the tea out into my garden. If you think about it, that makes a lot of sense too because we just created all these microorganisms, literally an unsustainable amount of life and diversity, that we’re then taking away its oxygen. Things are going to start dying right away. Throwing it in the fridge, you’re creating the same problem. You’re taking away the oxygen and you may be slowing down that process a little bit but you’re not going to have the same quality of tea two, three days down the road.

Shango: That makes a lot of sense. You want to hit the bell curve right. You don’t really want to get to the point where it’s survival of the fittest. You want to brew it up so that you got all these microorganisms and then go ahead and apply it before they start fighting it out amongst themselves. I get that. There’s a lot of myths about compost tea. I hear from different growers, some of the things they tell me directly compete. They can’t both be right but I don’t know which one is. What are some of the myths that you have heard running rampant that you can add some clarity to?

Tad: Sure. There’s a few things I want to touch on. Number one, one question I get a lot, and I wouldn’t necessarily throw this into the myth category but I think it’s important, people read Jeff Lowenfels’ book, Teaming with Microbes, which is a great book about all of these sorts of things. They see that the plants that they’re growing, in this case, we’re talking specifically about cannabis, fall into an area where their earlier succession plants, they’re typically considered annuals and they prefer soil that is high in bacteria over soil that’s high enough in fungal activity. People would call me up and say they want to make a bacterial tea because their plant likes bacterial soil but that misses the purpose with compost tea.

Again, this is a shotgun approach. No matter what you’re growing, whether you’re growing trees or you’re growing vegetables, you still want to put out a balanced tea that has all these microorganisms because again, the main point of compost tea is really nutrient cycling. We’re really putting the plant in charge. We’re not trying to select for bacteria necessarily. We just want to select for all sets of microorganisms. That’s just the first thing I wanted to bring up really quickly.

In terms of other myths, some of the things we hear is a lot of people think that having a big head of foam on the top of their compost tea brew shows that there’s a lot of microbial activity. What we find when we actually looked at it under the microscope is that this isn’t necessarily the case, that these brews really, the foaming has more to do with saponin content or possibly an enzyme being released by earthworms that may have been in the compost that you put into the brewer.

Another one I like to bring up too is that there’s some claims around different brewer designs when people talk about using, say, a brewer like a vortex brewer that spins the water in a certain direction to supposedly raise the potency or quality of the water or the tea. This is something where we, again, when we looked at under microscope, we don’t see any scientific evidence to back this up. Vortex designs work great but may not be worth the added cost or expense in terms of what people are charging to commercially produce these types of brewers.

Shango: Good. Is that the complete list of myths before we move on?

Tad: I’m sure there’s others that are … There is one more that I just thought of. I want to give credit to Tim Wilson for a lot of this. He really challenged me. When I first started really examining and using the microscope, he was the one that started saying, “Hey, these are things that’s everyone been saying at the industry but are they actually true?”

For example, we’ve been using humic acid in our compost teas because a well-known professional figure in the industry had been saying they’re a great fungal food. When we actually started testing this out with a bunch of different samples from different companies in different concentrations, we found it actually inhibited microbial activity in most instances. That’s another one. I don’t like to put humic acid into my teas. I think it has other benefits but not necessarily in a compost tea. These are all things that we’re learning.

Recently, we were speculating on whether or not neem cake was something that would kill microbes. This was something I was able to test out with my microscope and then, post the results on YouTube and actually show that neem cake, which we used, I think I talked about it before as something you can use to treat fungus gnats, or as a nitrogen source in your soil. I found it actually was a wonderful bacterial food and it’s something that increases microbial activity rather than inhibits it.

Shango: That makes a lot of sense. We’re going to take another short break. When we come back though for the last section, we’re going to talk about the quality of compost needed to make good teas and then, we’ve got a lot of commercial growers who are listening so we’re going to talk about scalable compost teas so that you can help get your company off the bottle as well. You are listening to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast.

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Welcome back. You are listening to the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast. I’m your host, Shango Los. Our guest this week is Tad Hussey or Keep It Simple Organics. Tad, before the break, we were talking about the foam that sometimes can come on the top of a compost tea. You said that in some cases, it’s because earthworms are coming in with the castings and a couple other things. It made me wonder about the quality of compost that needs to be used. Is it as simple as if you use lame unfinished compost that the brew isn’t going to work or does even mediocre compost work? How careful do we need to be about the compost we choose?

Tad: That’s a great question. The first thing I would want to say is that not all compost is created equal. Like you mentioned there, some compost is unfinished. If it’s been something that’s been made and then sat in a bag on a shelf for who knows how long or out baking in the sun on a pallet out in front of a hydro shop, it’s really hard to know what microbes are going to be active prior to your brewing. There’s a huge difference in quality. Really important that you start with a high quality compost because if you’re going to take the time and labor to make this tea, you want to make it to the best ability that you can. If you want to use your own compost, that’s a great option.

Just keep in mind that if you’re not doing any testing with the microscope, you really don’t know what you’re making and you’ll just want to judge it based … Earthworm castings or worm composting is really the best option for people who don’t plan on using a microscope or don’t plan on buying compost that’s been lab tested in general. It tends to be of higher quality than most normally made or commercial compost.

The last thing I would add about compost is just that if you are making it, keep in mind that the food stocks that you’re putting in are going to affect the quality of your compost. Horse manure is actually a great amendment. Food and vegetable scraps and cardboard tend to not be quite as of high quality as if you were to take a finished compost and put earthworm castings into it or take horse manure and properly compost it. These are going to give you more microbial activity.

Shango: Then, let’s contrast that to the compost tea kits. I know your company makes one and we’ve given that out as door prizes at the Vashon Island Marijuana Entrepreneurs Alliance meetings. Then, I’ve seen other of them on the market. How does a kit, how is it different than making your compost at home? Is it going to be as effective?

Tad: It should be. In theory, what you’re paying for is that whoever is making these kits has done some of those testing for you and knows that the microbes that they’re giving you are going to be active and reproduce well when put into a brewer. For example, with our company, we don’t make up the kits until we actually sell and ship them just so we can maintain the highest quality and the freshest ingredients because you have to maintain moisture content to keep these microbes alive. One thing I forgot to mention is the reason we’re using compost is because compost is exponentially higher in microbes and microbial activity than our average garden soil. That’s why we’re constantly talking about compost here in this case regarding making our compost teas.

Shango: While we’re talking about the benefits, let’s dwell on that a little bit more. We were talking about in the first section, we were talking about how if you are providing an active microbial environment in the substrate for the plant, that that’s less work that the plant has to do by providing sugars and other nutrients through the roots to the microbe systems. For brewing this fresh tea and we’re pouring it in and we’re adding all of this beneficial life for the plant, how will we see that expressed in our plant? There is a certain amount of effort and money that it takes to make compost teas. What’s the reward look like in the cannabis plant itself?

Tad: There’s a ton of different benefits related to compost tea but the biggest one and the thing I like to stress the most is nutrient cycling, essentially what you talked about there. By increasing the efficiency of nutrient cycling in the soil, we’re just helping the plant be less stressed and grow faster and healthier. Because of this, we’re also seeing less issues with diseases. Now, I don’t like to claim disease suppression related to compost teas though I know some people do but the concept is they’re first wearing compost tea out onto the soil or, say, onto the leaf surface of the plant. Those beneficial aerobic microorganisms are going to occupy the infection sites on the leaf or around the root and help prevent pathogens from getting a hold. Potentially, you could be reducing your disease problems.

I’ve heard people tell me that they use compost tea to treat anything from fusarium to powdered mildew to pythium and a variety of other things. I don’t think it’s a silver bullet in that regard. Just keep that in mind but it may help. It should help extend your root systems. It’ll help break down some of the toxins in the soil. You should see an increase in terms of the odors and flavors of whatever crop you’re growing. It should reduce potentially the amount of fertilizers and other things that you may be using in your growing process.

Shango: Should we see an increase in the quality and number and size of flowers as well simply because the plant is thriving and expressing itself so much better?

Tad: You could. I don’t like to say 100% of the time on something like this because keep in mind that every brew that you make is going to be slightly different and every soil that you apply it to is going to be with different environmental conditions. You may see amazing results or it may be something much more subtle but the great thing about it is you can’t over apply compost tea if it’s made correctly. It’s 100% safe. It’s non-toxic. It’s natural. It’s a great option as a way to help plants without a lot of risk or downside other than maybe the cost or your labor involved.

Shango: I like the idea that you can’t over apply it. I’ve heard from plenty of growers where they have forgotten where they were in their fertilizer regimen or they got high and they did it twice and then their employee did it. These can cause problems as you burn you plant in various ways but the idea that there is not too much, it sounds like a nice, natural probiotic built in safety valve to help protect your garden.

Tad: You’re going to get a little bit of nutrients but really, the main point again is this nutrient cycling. The worst case is, dude, you’re probably overwatering your plants potentially.

Shango: Let’s wrap up by talking about commercial applications because we’ve got lots of patients who are listening who are hopefully getting more excited about using compost teas but we’ve got a lot of folks who are commercial growers. Most of the states are trying to move people away from synthetic nutrients and fertilizers of all flavors. There’s more and more people moving towards probiotics which is great and this show certainly supports. Do you have any tips or tricks for folks who are working large scale, things they might want to consider when moving towards and considering compost teas?

Tad: Yeah, I do. The first thing I would say is most people think they need to brew more tea than they actually do. Five gallons will cover up to a quarter acre per application. A 50-gallon brewer like the one that Tim Wilson makes will cover up to two and a half acres per application. It’s large enough for most commercial applications. We can put, take that 50 gallons of finished tea and then put it into, say, a larger reservoir that may hold 200 gallons of total water and add 150 gallons of dechlorinated water, then that is a way of getting an even application.

I don’t like to put the tea out through a fertigation or irrigation system because of the risk of biofilm buildup inside the tubing. I try to avoid putting bacteria and other things into these systems because they would require a lot of flushing and could be a potential issue. It’s something that you do need to figure out how you’re going to apply. It might be as simple as putting a sump pump into a reservoir and literally walking around with your thumb over the end of a hose. It doesn’t have to be high tech. In addition to that, it’s a great option for larger farmers and growers because it becomes really affordable and it’s a lot more affordable to put out a compost tea than it is to, say, be shoveling all this compost all around your property especially if you have acreage or are on a larger scale.

Shango: It sounds like it would save a lot of back breaking work just taking the most important parts of it, putting into a fluid and delivering it with a hose versus a wheelbarrow.

Tad: Yes.

Shango: Tad, that’s all the time we have for today. Thanks so much for being on the show and especially, thank you so much for taking part in all three shows. This three-part series has been really educational both for me and for the audience based on the fantastic support of e-mails we’ve been getting about having you on the show. Thanks for being here and sharing your experience.

Tad: Shango, I really appreciate it. I’d love to just sign off with a couple links for people that are, if they’re interested in learning more.

Shango: Yeah, please do.

Tad: I’m putting up information on our website at kisorganics.com. I have a hobby site called gardeningwithmicrobes.com where I have a few different articles on compost tea. You could go to logicalgardener.org, that’s a forum that Tim Wilson and I share that has a bunch of great information on compost tea and natural gardening. Then, lastly, Tim Wilson’s site, Microbe Organics, has a lot of great info as well. There’s a ton of good information out there for people who want to learn more. Jeff Lowenfels’ book, Teaming with Microbes, is a wonderful resource as well. I hope more and more people will turn towards this style of gardening and growing. I’m excited to see what the future holds.

Shango: Fantastic. That’s all great information. Again, Tad, thanks for sticking with me through this respiratory infection that I’ve got today. I’m glad that you were a podcast guest pro at this point so you can help carry the show today.

Tad: I hope you start feeling better.

Shango: Right on. Thanks a lot. You can find out more about Tad Hussey and Keep It Simpler Organics on their website at kisorganics.com. You can also view Tad’s entire presentation at CannaCon Seattle this winter in the video section of the Ganjapreneur.com website. If you miss the first two parts of this three-part series, you can go ahead and also find those in the podcast section of the Ganjapreneur.com website. The first episode was on nutrient teas and the second was on building your own soil.

You can find more episodes with other guests of the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast in the podcast section at Ganjapreneur.com and also in the Apple iTunes store. On the Ganjapreneur.com website, you will find the latest cannabis news, product reviews and cannabis jobs updated daily along with transcriptions of this podcast. You can also download the Ganjapreneur.com app in iTunes and Google Play. Do you have a company that wants to reach our national audience of cannabis enthusiasts? E-mail grow@ganjapreneur.com to find out how. Today’s show was produced by Michael Rowe. I’m your host, Shango Los.

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Vancouver Files Injunctions Against Unlicensed Cannabis Dispensaries

The city of Vancouver, B.C. has filed injunctions in the B.C. Supreme Court to close down 17 of the city’s 55 unlicensed marijuana dispensaries.

Vancouver became the first city in Canada to regulate and license medical marijuana retailers in June, 2015. However, only six percent of dispensaries that applied for a license were successful, and dozens of shops have continued operating despite repeated warnings from city officials.

City officials say that the 17 dispensaries were targeted because of “their proximity to other shops, their response to enforcement action and community feedback,” CBC News reports.

According to chief licensing inspector Andrea Toma, the city will eventually seek injunctions against the remaining 38 dispensaries.

This development follows shortly on the heels of the already infamous ‘Operation Claudia,’ in which dozens of medical dispensaries in Toronto were raided by local law enforcement earlier this week.

Medical cannabis is legal in Canada, but producers must be properly licensed and can only dispense medicine through the federal mail — a system that many consider to be unsympathetic toward patients who may have particular concerns or needs that cannot be met with the current online shopping methods. The Canadian federal government has promised to legalize cannabis for recreational purposes sometime in 2017.

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Nebraska Researchers Obtain Pilot Hemp Crop Permit

Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have obtained a permit to begin doing tests on growing industrial hemp as a field crop.

According to UNL Professor Ismail Dweikat, researchers plan to have a crop planted by the end of the year — though the university’s hemp seed importation requests are currently awaiting approval by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA).

Once permission has been granted, it’ll take another three weeks for the seeds to arrive, said Héctor L. Santiago, assistant dean of the Agronomy Department’s Agricultural Research Division. The university plans to save seeds from this year’s harvest to use for further research crops next year.

Dweikat said if the seeds have not arrived by June 15, the state’s first hemp crop will have to be started in a greenhouse.

According to the Lincoln Journal Star, researchers will investigate several factors of concern to farmers curious about growing hemp, including best practices for plant spacing, nitrogen rates and harvesting techniques, and whether or not a hemp crop endeavor could actually turn a profit in Nebraska.

The federal government lifted the ban on hemp farming in 2014, but only for states that already have some form of hemp legalization law on the books. The Nebraska legislature moved last year to allow only universities to research industrial hemp.

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A collection of clones on display in a California cannabis dispensary.

Minnesota Officials Investigate $500,000 Worth of Missing MMJ Oil

Authorities are investigating a Minnesota-based medical marijuana producer over the alleged illegal transport of $500,000 worth of medical cannabis oil, according to a Star Tribune report.

A former employee at Minnesota Medical Solutions has accused the licensed cannabis producer of transporting the oil illegally from its production facility in Minnesota to its parent company’s New York location, which was reportedly short on its production deadline at the time. The search warrant was filed May 26 in Hennepin County.

“We are confident the claims relied upon by regulatory authorities to begin the investigation will be found to be false,” the producers’ parent company Vireo Health said in a statement.

The former employee said they had been privy to a conversation among several MinnMed administrative officials, in which a significant inventory of cannabis oil was said could maybe “rescue New York.” According to the employee, the company’s chief medical officer (CMO) offered to drive the oil via armored car to New York and “make the inventory disappear.”

Health officials audited MinnMed’s Otsego location in May and found a missing inventory page from Dec. 16, which tracked product transfers out of the facility. Investigators also noted that there had been several product transfers in December with no recorded destination. Furthermore, many of said transfers were conducted after-hours, something that health officials eventually learned was “out of the ordinary.” In total, these transfers involved more than 5,580 grams of cannabis oil.

Vireo has released a two-page statement that says their New York location was not low on inventory and that the missing oil had been destroyed. The company said the discrepancies are a result of using tracking software designed for cannabis flower to account for oil products. According to the statement, this has led to dozens of transfers without listing a destination, “not just the small number of entries cherry-picked by the disgruntled former employee.”

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Legislative Oversight to Leave Washington Patients Without Access to Clones

Unless the Washington legislature makes changes to the Cannabis Patient Protection Act (SB 5052) within the next month, medical cannabis patients will no longer be able to legally acquire cannabis clones, despite other rules granting patients the right to homegrown medicine.

Washington voters passed Initiative 502 in November 2012, which legalized adult use recreational cannabis. Then, the legislature approved the Cannabis Patient Protection Act (SB 5052) in 2015, which folds the state’s long-standing nonprofit medical cannabis system into the for-profit I-502 scheme. The bill is a broad overhaul of the entire medical cannabis system in Washington, and will be completely implemented by July 1, 2016.

Some changes include lowering plant count for patients, the addition of a registry, the addition of excise taxes, a decrease in possession limits, the creation of LCB-regulated collective gardens, and the law has resulted in the closing of innumerable medical cannabis dispensaries across the state.

Despite all the changes the legislature has forgotten an important part of having a functional medical cannabis system: the bill does not provide a mechanism for medical cannabis patients to acquire plant clones within the tightly regulated I-502 system.

According to Mikhail Carpenter, spokesman for the Washington Liquor and Cannabis Board (LCB), SB 5052 allows patients who are part of a LCB-regulated collective garden to buy clones from licensed I-502 producers. The law is silent, however, on where the vast majority of medical cannabis patients will access clones after the transition.

At the moment, patients can purchase clones at an ever-decreasing number of medical cannabis shops and at local medical cannabis farmers markets, such as the Patient Cannabis Exchange located in Tacoma, WA. Chuck Green, who runs the Patient Cannabis Exchange and owns Clones Northwest, said he will sell more than 200 clones in a week.

“Patients aren’t going to have a choice but to go to the black market,” Green said. “It’s the only place they’ll be able to get new starts. People are really starting to get nervous with July 1st right around the corner, and still no one knows how this is going to work.”

The LCB said they are working with their legal team to find a fix, but at the moment there remains no solution.

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Oregon Launching Early Access Edibles and Concentrates Market Tomorrow, June 2

Oregon‘s early access recreational marijuana market will take an important step forward tomorrow, when access to low dose concentrated and edible cannabis products comes online for adults 21 and older.

Oregon voters legalized recreational pot in 2014 and, in a widely-respected attempt to replace the black market with a regulated industry, state lawmakers decided in the fall of 2015 to allow licensed medical marijuana dispensaries to serve as temporary retailers for the state’s recreational market. Since then, recreational consumers have been able to purchase flower, seeds, and clones from dispensaries, but edibles and concentrates have remained off-limits.

As per the new rules, dispensaries will be allowed to sell:

  • One unit of a single-serving, low-dose cannabinoid edible to an individual per day. A unit of a low-dose cannabinoid edible can contain more than one edible as long as the total THC in the unit does not exceed 15 milligrams.
  • One prefilled receptacle of a cannabinoid extract that does not contain more than 1,000 milligrams of THC to an individual per day.
  • Nonpsychoactive medical cannabinoid products intended to be applied to a person’s skin or hair.

The rules also require that all edible products in Oregon dispensaries be clearly labeled for THC content, and the Oregon Health Authority suggests that consumers start with “less than the 15 mg per unit limit and wait at least 90 minutes and up to four hours before eating or drinking more.”

Officials from the Oregon Liquor Control Commission (OLCC) are in the process of licensing recreational marijuana producers, testing labs, and research institutes. Many dispensaries are expected to pursue a license to continue serving the recreational market, and the state should begin awarding retailer licenses sometime this fall.

Somewhere between 1,200 and 2,000 license applications are expected during 2016, and the OLCC expects to award some 850 licenses before the year’s conclusion.

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Illinois Expands Medical Cannabis Program

In a long-coming turn of events, Illinois lawmakers last week approved an extension and expansion to the state’s medical marijuana pilot program, according to a Chicago Tribune report. Changes made include extending the state’s pilot MMJ program to 2020 and adding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and terminal illness to the program’s list of qualifying conditions.

Gov. Bruce Rauner and the state’s GOP leaders agreed to the changes, belying a significant Republican deference to marijuana’s medicinal qualities.

The bill’s sponsor, Rep. Lou Lang (D-Skokie), thanked the governor and Republican lawmakers for their compromise and “improving a program designed to ease the pain and suffering of seriously ill individuals, including children.”

Other changes to the law mean that doctors will no longer have to “recommend” cannabis. Rather, they will only need to certify they have a standing doctor-patient relationship with an interested individual, and that the patient is diagnosed with one of the program’s many qualifying conditions. Additionally, patient and caregiver cards will now last three years instead of one, and the criminal background check process has been streamlined for medical marijuana card renewals.

“This is a great step in the right direction,” said Tim McGraw, director of the Medical Cannabis Alliance of Illinois and CEO of Revolution Enterprises, one of Illinois’ licensed medical cannabis producers. “The fact that Republicans and Democrats can agree on something is awesome. They deserve a lot of credit for seeing the light.”

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Michigan’s Office of the Auditor General to Audit State Medical Cannabis Program

Michigan’s Office of the Auditor General will evaluate the Michigan Medical Marihuana Program (MMMP) to determine “the effectiveness of MMMP’s administration of the Michigan Medical Marihuana Act” and “assess MMMP’s compliance with legislative reporting requirements,” according to an announcement on the department’s website.

The OAG conducts both financial and performance audits of government departments and services.

Performance audits are conducted to find potential ways to improve state government operations, while financial audits are conducted “generally based upon state and federal mandates.”

It appears the MMMP audit will be of the performance variety as they investigate the “effectiveness” of the program, which Michigan voters established via a 2008 ballot initiative.

On its website, the OAG defines ‘effectiveness’ as “producing the outcome desired by the citizens of Michigan and mandated by the Legislature, and efficiency is a measure of useful services delivered compared with the resources applied.”

The site lists about 50 in-progress projects, including the MMMP audit for the office of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA). The OAG is also conducting a performance audit of the LARA-administered Bureau of Services to Blind Persons, and a financial audit of the Liquor Purchase Revolving Fund.

In their announcement, the OAG noted that the MMMP had 182,091 active patients with 34,269 active caregivers, received 81,090 initial applications and 22,879 renewal applications during fiscal year 2015. The program had spent $4.2 million over that same period.

The OAG estimates they will release their findings in “mid 2016.”

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Two Canadian Life Insurers Stop Treating Cannabis Users as ‘Smokers’

Sun Life and BMO Insurance have reversed their long-standing policies on treating cannabis smokers the same as “tobacco smokers,” instead they will allow some marijuana users to be treated as non-smokers for life insurance policies.

Sun Life’s policy applies to cannabis consumers who do not use tobacco; BMO’s policy applies to non-tobacco smokers who consume up to two “marijuana cigarettes” per week, according to the National Post report.

“In our industry, we keep up to date with medical studies and companies update their underwriting guidelines accordingly,” Sun Life said in a statement announcing the change. “As a result, people who use marijuana are now assessed … at non-smoker rates, unless they also use tobacco.”

Until the change people who disclosed they only smoked cannabis were charged the same rates as tobacco smokers, which could be triple the rates of non-smokers.

Jonathan Zaid, founder of Canadians for Fair Access to Medical Marijuana, says the moves change the “huge discrepancy” in the way some medical cannabis patients were being treated while trying to get life insurance.

“It’s great that they’re recognizing that the old policy wasn’t based on science,” he said. “There’s no evidence that there is any long-term risk of cancer or anything equivalent to tobacco.”

Research shows that while marijuana smoke contains many of the same carcinogens as tobacco, there is little evidence of an increased risk for lung cancer in even habitual cannabis smokers.

Lorne Marr, broker of LSM Insurance, says his competitors are “trying to get an edge on other companies” as the number of Canadians who admit to using marijuana grows. Typically, a 20-year term, $500,000 policy with LSM costs smokers $148 per-month but just $53 a month for non-smokers. Marr expects other companies to follow suit.

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The flag of California flying in the wind.

Poll: 60% of California Voters Support Legalization

Recent polling data from the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) indicates that at least 60 percent of California voters are in favor of legalizing recreational cannabis.

The Adult Use of Marijuana Act is expected to appear on California’s ballot this November, giving voters the chance to legalize cannabis possession and use for adults aged 21 and older.

The Act would create a Bureau of Marijuana Control within the Department of Consumer Affairs, which would set possession rules and establish a regulatory framework for the commercial production and distribution of recreational marijuana products. Estimates indicate that California — one of the world’s largest unique economies — could earn as much as $1 billion in annual taxes from a legal cannabis market.

The initiative enjoys support from California Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsome and financial backing from Silicon Valley billionaire investor Sean Parker, who has already donated $1 million to the campaign effort.

Legalization is heavily opposed by law enforcement and prison guard groups around the state.

PPIC data also showed majority support among likely California voters for an increased excise tax on tobacco consumer products, as well as raising the tax rate on earnings higher than $250,000 to increase education and health care funds.

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Dispensaries in Massachusetts Accused of Forcing Low-Income Patients onto Waitlists

At least three of Massachusetts’ six medical cannabis dispensaries have placed low-income patients on waiting lists for discounted products resulting in months-long delays, according to a review of the program by the Boston Globe.  

The report is prompting action from the state Department of Public Health, who will now scrutinize dispensary hardship programs as part of their regular inspections. Under Massachusetts’ medical marijuana law dispensaries must provide discounts for anyone with a verified financial hardship without placing caps on the number.

The dispensaries in question claimed their financial hardship programs were full.

Scott Zoback, a spokesman for the Health Department said that any dispensary found violating the law “may be required to submit a plan of correction” but did not indicate whether violators would be fined.

New England Treatment Access (NETA), who operate dispensaries in Brookline and Northampton, have pledged to make changes to their program after being asked about their use of waiting lists by the Globe.

“We are immediately removing all patients from the waiting list, placing them in the hardship program, and restructuring our current hardship program in collaboration with the state,” the company said in a statement.

NETA said they had more than 100 patients enrolled in the hardship program at both of their locations, but did not say how many people were on waiting lists.

In Good Health, a Brockton dispensary, indicated they had no waiting list and offered low-income patients 10 to 20 percent discounts.

John Hillier, executive director of Central Ave Compassionate Care, declined to say whether his Ayer location used waitlists.

“Our focus is on building a financially stable operation that is able to serve all the registered patients dependent upon us, including those who do not qualify for the program,” he said in the report.

Alternative Therapies Group, in Salem, used a waitlist until May 2 – when state regulators determined the lists were not allowed. Executive Director Christopher Edwards said he had used the waitlist until regulators adopted a “slightly different legal interpretation.”              

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Ohio Medical Marijuana Campaign Suspends 2016 Legalization Effort

The Ohioans for Medical Marijuana campaign has suspended a petition drive to put a medical cannabis constitutional amendment on this November’s ballot, according to a Cleveland.com report.

The decision follows the successful passing of a piece of medical marijuana legislation through the state House and Senate. The bill now awaits Gov. John Kasich’s signature. The governor hasn’t indicated yet whether or not he will sign, but a super majority of Ohio voters support medical cannabis and he is expected to either sign the proposal or ignore it, allowing the bill to automatically become law after 10 days.

Though the campaign originally announced the proposal would only bolster their efforts for a voter initiative this fall, the Ohioans for Medical Marijuana campaign has rescinded that notion.

The lawmakers’ bill doesn’t include everything the MPP-backed campaign wished for: patients will not be allowed to smoke or grow their own cannabis. Instead, dispensaries around the state will offer tinctures, concentrates and edible products.

“We make this decision with a heavy heart as we will surely disappoint our many volunteers, supporters and patient-advocates who invested considerable time and effort in our movement,” said campaign manager Brandon Lynaugh in a statement announcing the petition drive’s end.

“The legislature’s action on medical marijuana was a step forward, and thanks to the intense advocacy efforts of patients and their families, activists and our team the bill was vastly improved before passage,” Lynaugh said.

House Speaker Cliff Rosenberger was pleased with the news and said that it indicated a healthy, communicative relationship between the Ohio legislature and state voters.

“Thanks to the open and transparent process that began in the Ohio House in which voices from all sides of the debate were invited to testify, we were able to join together around a proposal that is both reflective of public opinion and protective of the state’s constitution,” Rosenberger said.

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Toronto Dispensaries Shuttered Following ‘Operation Claudia’

Toronto police executed Operation Claudia yesterday, raiding more than 40 dispensaries in Ontario’s capitol city. The raids were followed today by protests in front of Toronto Police headquarters by activists who carried signs with slogans such as, “Patients deserve dignified access,” and “Stop busting the sick.”   

During a press conference by police regarding the raid, Mark Sraga, director of investigative services, said that the crackdown was due to the number of new dispensaries opening in the city in recent months and to ensure that no municipal bylaws were being broken.

In sum, Municipal Licensing and Standards officers handed down 79 charges. Forty-eight of those were for violations of the city’s zoning bylaw for using a property for a non-permitted use. Thirty-one charges were handed out for violating the city’s licensing bylaw for operating businesses in which foodstuffs were available for human consumption without the appropriate permits. Both charges carry fines of up to $25,000 for an individual and $50,000 for a corporation.   

Toronto Police Chief Mark Saunders said his department executed 43 search warrants at “unlawful storefronts selling marijuana.” Police levied a total of 186 controlled substance charges as a result of their findings.

“The project has been going on for a number of weeks as a response to community concerns and complaints about public safety regarding the drastic increase of these storefronts,” Saunders said during the press conference. “Since March the number of storefronts have more than doubled.”

On May 18, Toronto Police issued letters to 43 locations, informing them that they were “engaging in unlawful activity” and that they would be criminally charged if they did not cease operations, Saunders said.

Steve Watts, acting inspector for the drug squad, said police arrested 90 people, confiscating more than 269 kilos of dried marijuana, more than 30 kilos of “cannabis resin,” more than 24 kilos of hash, more than 27 kilos of THC pills and a “massive amount” of edibles – including 71 kilos of chocolate, 142 kilos of cookies, 129 kilos of candy, 64 kilos of sodas and liquids, and 126 kilos of “other oils and spreads.” Law enforcement officers also seized about $160,000 in cash and 23 grams of cocaine.

“We are cognizant of the nature of the legislation in this matter and … that’s why we took a measure approach and we took a joint approach with the city,” Watts said during the presser. “…One of the issues here is the quality control… there is no proper measuring, there is no qualitative analysis. They are all differing from store to store, so that’s where we run into the health and safety implications.”     

Brandy Zorburg, Queens of Cannabis owner, said her landlord had received a cease and desist letter last week and she closed her shop to protect her patients. Her dispensary was not included in the sweep.

“If they arrest me, that’s all right, we’ll just go to court about it and if that’s where they want to take it, fine,” Zorburg said in an interview with the Toronto Sun.

Individuals arrested in the raids are due to appear in court on June 19.

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