Trump Admin Will Deny Citizenship for State-Legal Cannabis Use

Immigrants who use cannabis or work in the industry can be denied citizenship even if they are in states where it is legal, according to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services guidance issued Apr. 19. The policy penalizes would-be citizens for having broken federal law.

“The policy guidance … clarifies that an applicant who is involved in certain marijuana-related activities may lack [good moral character] if found to have violated federal law, even if such activity has been decriminalized under applicable state laws.” – USCIS policy alert

Earlier this month, Denver Mayor Michael Hancock sent a letter to Attorney General William Barr asking him to reconsider the federal policy to deny naturalization for individuals who work in the cannabis industry. In the letter, outlined by the Washington Post, Hancock says that two immigrants – one from Lithuania and one from El Salvador – “were denied naturalization solely because of their cannabis industry employment.”

Michael Collins, director of National Affairs from the Drug Policy Alliance, told the Post that the policy “has nothing to do with cannabis” rather with the administration’s immigration policies.

“They see cannabis as a ripe opportunity for persecuting these individuals,” Collins said in the report. “The Trump administration has used the war on drugs since the beginning to go after migrant populations.”

USCIS Spokeswoman Jessica Collins told the Post the agency is “required to adjudicate cases based on federal law…which applies to all foreign nationals regardless of the state or jurisdiction in which they reside.”

Kathy Brady, a senior staff lawyer with the Immigrant Legal Resource Center, warned that even individuals “who have had a green card for 20 years” should avoid using cannabis and working “in any aspect” of the industry.

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Vermont Gov. Disputes Senate-Backed Cannabis Sales Bill

Vermont Gov. Phil Scott’s legal counsel told lawmakers that the bill to legalize adult-use sales in the state violates the state Constitution because it doesn’t allow governors the authority to determine the makeup of the panel to regulate the industry, VTDigger reports.

Under the law, passed last month by the Senate, the governor would only appoint the board’s chair, but the governor’s counsel Jaye Pershing Johnson said the state Constitution provided the governor with the power to appoint all of the members of the board.

“When the Legislature decides they will both create the laws and structure the entities in such a way so as to divest the governor of his constitutional duty, that’s where I say that there’s a separation of powers concern.” – Johnson, to VTDigger

Vermont governors do appoint all of the members of the state Board of Liquor and Lottery.

Betsyann Wrask, an attorney with the office of Legislative Council, disagrees with Johnson’s interpretation, arguing the state Constitution “does not state that an Executive Branch entity,” such as the Cannabis Control Board, “cannot be comprised of a majority of legislative appointees.”

Scott, a Republican who has vetoed legislation based on separation of powers issues in the past, indicated last week he believed he needed more control over the board if it would be an executive branch function. He also promised not to sign the regulation measure if it didn’t include roadside saliva testing, but he didn’t go so far to say he would veto it.

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West Virginia Seeks Bank to Serve Medical Cannabis Industry

The West Virginia Treasurer’s Office is now seeking a financial institution to work with the state’s medical cannabis industry with plans to have a request for proposal completed within the next month, according to a MetroNews report. The FRP is currently under legal review.

More than two years after the medical cannabis bill’s passage, sales have yet to roll out in the state, partly due to the banking issue. Jason Frame, director of the state Office of Medical Cannabis, indicated he expects licensing to pick up once a banking vendor is hired.

“Rules to accompany the Medical Cannabis Act have been filed. The structure of the office has been identified. We’ve also identified vendors to help us along in this process and we’ve been able to gain information on the medical cannabis industry overall by visiting other states.” — Frame, via MetroNews

The current law allows the state to issue 10 cultivation permits, 10 processing permits, and 30 dispensary permits; the licensing fees include $50,000 for growers and processors and $10,000 for dispensaries.

Last month, Republican Gov. Jim Justice vetoed a bill that would have allowed regional distribution for medical cannabis products, which supporters said would have helped move the program along.

Under the law signed in 2017, medical cannabis sales were set to begin July 1 but, currently, it’s not clear when products will be available to patients.

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How to Get Into the CBD Industry Without Breaking the Bank

In the last two years, the growth of CBD has been the biggest news story in the health and wellness industries. The CBD market is one of the most promising industries in the U.S. with its value expected to hit the billions in the coming years. Hence, it’s no wonder many are looking to get into the industry in some capacity.

If you are new to CBD, here is all you need to know about the exploding market and how to capitalize on its seemingly endless potential.

What Exactly Is CBD?

It is highly unlikely that you have not heard about CBD or cannabidiol as some may call it. Today, this herbal supplement can be found almost anywhere from health stores to supermarkets and even spas. But, do you know what CBD oil really is?

First things first: CBD is not marijuana and CBD will not get you high. CBD is a compound derived from industrial hemp which, as opposed to marijuana, contains no (THC), the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis plants.

Why Are People Turning to CBD for Their Wellness Needs?

Because CBD does not produce any mind-altering effects, CBD is a purely medicinal supplement. Research shows CBD has potent therapeutic effects thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties which work in tandem with our endocannabinoid system to regulate vital immune system functions.

A daily dose of CBD has been found to help users cope with symptoms related to various conditions including chronic pain, anxiety, and sleep difficulties. Additionally, CBD produces no significant side effects making it a safer choice than many prescription drugs out on the market today. Most importantly, CBD carries no risk of addiction or abuse.

Is CBD Legal?

In late 2018, Congress passed the Agriculture Improvement Act in what is considered the biggest win in the history of the hemp industry. Colloquially known as the 2018 farm bill, the law removed hemp from the list of controlled substances and legalized it at the federal level which in turn legalized hemp-derived products like CBD.

Why Is the CBD Industry Growing So Fast?

The surge in demand for CBD products began in 2014 with the passing of that year’s version of the farm bill. The 2014 bill lifted some of the strictest restrictions on hemp and allowed certain institutions to grow and administer industrial hemp for research and/or medical purposes. The law also gave the green light to individual states to establish their own regulations on the production and manufacturing of hemp and hemp-derived products.

The bill’s more permissive laws placed the status of hemp in a legal gray area that gave manufacturers and users easier access to CBD. As a result, the public quickly began to experience how CBD could benefit them and their families creating a solid base of customers for the industry to thrive on. This surge in demand did not go unnoticed by lawmakers who saw the economic potential of CBD, eventually leading to its legalization as part of the 2018 Farm Bill.

Because CBD is affordable, requires no prescription, and is safer than prescription medications, the industry gains thousands of new users every day nationwide. It is now estimated that the hemp CBD market could reach $22 billion by 2022 which is why experts have labeled CBD as “the next gold rush.”

How to Capitalize on the Booming CBD Industry

With such expected growth, it is no surprise that many are trying to get into the CBD industry as early as they can. There is no greater evidence of this than the oversaturation of CBD brands in the industry. Unfortunately, starting a CBD brand or investing in one is not something everyone can afford to do, which is why many are turning to CBD affiliate marketing, an arrangement with high earning potential and little to no risk.

What is CBD Affiliate Marketing?

In layman’s terms, affiliate marketing consists of generating sales and/or traffic for a brand in exchange for a commission. Affiliate marketing is an integral part of the CBD industry since a large portion of CBD sales are made online. For those interested in joining the industry, CBD affiliate marketing is a great first step to get involved as it requires no upfront costs.

How Can I Make Money from Affiliate Marketing?

All you need to become an online affiliate is a blog, website, social media channels, or any other form of online presence. Once you find a reliable CBD brand and have partnered with them, your focus should be on creating content that will lead traffic to their products or services. Every button, image, or link on your site aimed at promoting a CBD company will contain a unique affiliate ID. Each time a purchase is made through a link you provide, the company will be alerted, and you will receive a commission. Commissions vary greatly among brands, which is why choosing what brands to work with is extremely important.

How Do I Choose What Brands to Work With?

While some CBD brands offer commissions up to 30%, there is more to choosing a CBD brand than just commission percentage. Remember, you cannot generate income unless you create sales for a brand which is why product quality is crucial in this process.

If you want to maximize your potential for income, collaborate with a reliable CBD brand that offers top quality products. Remember, your reputation as a blogger or influencer may be on the line, as well.

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Canopy Growth to Buy Acreage Holdings for $3.4 Billion

Canadian licensed producer Canopy Growth announced this week its intent to acquire U.S.-based Acreage Holdings in a $3.4 billion deal once cannabis becomes federally legal in the U.S.

According to a MarketWatch report, an insider source said the deal was “98% done.” Part of the deal includes an immediate $300 million payment from Canopy Growth to Acreage Holdings.

The acquisition must be delayed because of Toronto Stock Exchange rules that say publicly listed companies (like Canopy Growth) cannot possess any illegal holdings at the risk of being de-listed, and cannabis remains a federally prohibited business in the U.S.

Acreage Holdings is one of the leading multi-state cannabis operators in the U.S. with its footprint (including pending acquisitions) having recently stretched to 20 different state markets. The company also boasts several high-profile board members, including former Republican Speaker of the House John Boehner and former Massachusetts Gov. Bill Weld.

“Today we announce a complex transaction with a simple objective. Our right to acquire Acreage secures our entrance strategy into the United States as soon as a federally-permissible pathway exists. By combining Acreage’s management team, licenses and assets with Canopy Growth’s intellectual property and brands, there will be tremendous value creation for both companies’ shareholders.” — Bruce Linton, chairman and co-CEO of Canopy Growth, in a press release

“From the first day we created our company, providing exceptional customer care and delivering shareholder value have been our top priorities. This transaction will help accomplish both,” Kevin Murphy — Acreage Holdings’ chairman, CEO, and president — said in the release.

Until cannabis is federally legalized in the U.S. and the deal carried out, the companies will continue to operate independently.

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Los Angeles Files First Civil Suit Against Unlicensed Dispensary

The city of Los Angeles, California is suing Kush Club 20, an unlicensed cannabis dispensary, claiming that it was selling products tainted with paclobutrazol – a fungicide classified as a Type II toxic chemical by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Los Angeles Times reports. The civil lawsuit is the first in the state to pit a city government against an unlicensed cannabis dispensary.

The city is seeking $20,000 per day the shop was illegally selling to customers; officials say Kush Club 20 was operating for about a year meaning the city could seek up to $7.5 million. City Attorney Mike Feuer noted that the daily penalty has yet to be “tested in court,” adding that the operators “knowingly omitted the true use of the property from the lease,” and said it was being used as a church.

“We apparently as a community care a lot about whether our romaine lettuce is contaminated, and we should. We care a lot about whether we can safely eat at Chipotle. Marijuana buyers should at least exercise that same degree of caution.” – Feuer, at a press conference, via the L.A. Times

Over the last year, city officials reportedly filed 217 criminal cases involving illegal dispensaries or delivery services, charging more than 800 defendants. In all, 113 illegal dispensaries have been shuttered. City and industry leaders hope that the staggering, multi-million-dollar suit will deter illegal operators.

Ruben Honig, executive director of the United Cannabis Business Association, said the organization has been warning the City Attorney “about the potential dangers of pesticides in untested products and the reckless behavior of landlords who indulge in fraudulent leasing schemes.”

Last month, the City Council passed a measure allowing the Department of Water and Power to shut off utilities at illegal dispensaries and Los Angeles police have recently shut down more than 20 illegal operators in the San Fernando Valley.

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Study: Oregon Has Cheapest Cannabis In Legal States, Massachusetts Highest

Legal cannabis in Oregon is the cheapest of the legalized states with an ounce of “high-quality” flower costing an average of $210.75, according to an Oxford Treatment Center study. In Washington, an ounce of high-quality cannabis costs, on average, $232.90, while an ounce is $241.74 in Colorado.

Massachusetts has the highest price for legal states with a taxed-and-regulated market at $341 per-high-quality-ounce, followed by Alaska at $298 per-ounce and Nevada at $270 per ounce.

Among states that have legalized cannabis for adult use but have yet to roll out a regulated industry, Vermont’s average of $346 ranks first, followed by Michigan at $290 per ounce. Washington, D.C. – which has legalized cannabis for adults but does not have a regulated industry – has the highest price in the U.S. at $597.88 per ounce. Lawmakers in Vermont are considering regulation legislation while voters in Michigan approved legalization in 2016 but retail sales have yet to roll out in earnest.

The individual state trends are representative of the prices for “medium-quality” cannabis and the cost of a joint (.66 grams), the report shows.

According to the report, the national average for an ounce of high-quality cannabis is $326 including both legal and illegal markets. The average price for medium quality is $266 per ounce, and the average cost of a joint is $7.59 for high quality and $6.18 for medium quality.

In February, the Oregon Liquor Control Commission reported that the state has 6.5 years of cannabis stock oversupply and the state produced 4.4 million pounds of flower between July 2017 and June 2018. The overstock is the likely cause for the low prices in the state.

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Georgia Gov. Signs Medical Cannabis Expansions Into Law

Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp, a Republican, has signed a bill overhauling the state’s medical cannabis program, allowing in-state production and sales for the low-THC products allowed under the regime, the Newnan Times-Herald reports. The former law allowed registered patients to possess the oil but there was no way to produce or purchase it in the state.

The measure creates the Georgia Access to Medical Cannabis Commission that will oversee production and dispensing licenses for the program. The Georgia Board of Pharmacies will create the rules for pharmacies interested in selling the oil. Notably, the bill allows the University of Georgia and Ft. Valley State University to apply for a federal license to grow cannabis for the program, despite cannabis’ Schedule I status under the Controlled Substances Act.

Jillian Wooton, an advocate whose son suffers from Dravet syndrome, told the Times-Herald that the bill’s passage wouldn’t have happened without the support of Kemp. During her work on Kemp’s campaign, she says he got to know her son and, while she doesn’t know for sure if that helped, she believes “meeting people first-hand has some effect.”

After the bill’s passage earlier this month, Kemp called the bill “the right thing to do,” citing his experiences with young patients and their families.

Previously, Kemp had been opposed to in-state cultivation but he did help guide the newly enacted reforms through the state legislature. Wooton noted that there will be some fine-tuning to the program, “But for the most part, this is what we needed,” she said.

It’s estimated that it will take between 18 to 24 months before Georgia-produced oil is available to patients.

The bill creates two classes of cultivators: class one for large operations and class two for small businesses. Class one operators would be allowed to cultivate, process flower into oil, and operate up to five dispensaries. Class two businesses are capped at 20,000 square feet of cultivation and can operate up to three dispensaries.  The class one businesses are expected to be able to invest at least $10 million into the state.

The measure does not raise the THC content permitted in medical cannabis products.

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Dr. Jon Cachat: Training Future Cannabis Lab Techs

Dr. Jon Cachat is the Director of Laboratory Science & Undergraduate Research at Hocking College — the first institute of higher education in Ohio to satisfy the state’s medical cannabis testing lab needs.

In the latest episode of the Ganjapreneur.com Podcast, Dr. Cachat is welcomed back to the show by our host TG Branfalt to discuss the new and rigorous academic program. In this interview, Dr. Cachat describes the wide variety of students who are drawn to the program, how he has honed the curriculum to focus on more than just the chemistry of testing cannabis products, and his perception of how higher education institutions have changed their tune in recent years towards the rapidly growing cannabis industry.

You can tune in to the interview via the player below, or scroll further down to read a full transcript!


Listen to the podcast:


Read the transcript:

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TG Branfalt: Hey there. I’m your host, TG Branfalt, and you’re listening to the Ganjapreneur.com podcast where we try to bring you actionable information and normalize cannabis through the stories of Ganjapreneurs activists and industry stakeholders. Today, I’m joined by Dr. Jon Cachat. He’s the director of laboratory science in undergraduate research at Hocking College. He’s the first two-time guest on the Ganjapreneur.com podcast.

He was instrumental in setting up the college’s program, which has a license to test cannabis under the Ohio medical cannabis program, and help develop the curriculum for a new associate’s degree program at Hocking College in laboratory sciences that will encompass three specialized majors including cannabis lab technician. It’s a mouthful, man. You have a lot going on. How are you?

Jon Cachat: Good. Good, TG. Pleasure to be back, man. I didn’t realize that I was the first double time guest. I feel like I should be getting a green jacket and a cigar or something like that.

TG Branfalt: It’s in the mail. At least, the cigar is. So, as we’ve said, you’ve been on the show before, but for those of you who didn’t listen to that episode, just tell us a bit about your background, man.

Jon Cachat: Yeah. So, I have a PhD in neuroscience. During graduate school, I had a DEA license to obtain and research schedule 1-4 drugs. While I was in Northern California, doing my postdoc at UC Davis, it was about the time that California was transitioning from a collective medical cannabis program to a business license medical program.

And so, I was pretty well involved in the politics and the formation of those political regulations, became involved with a group out there doing cultivation research, looking at making indoor cultivation a little bit more efficient and cost effective than what it was and still is at the time, but also spent a lot of time in politics, and being an Ohioan, I was very closely following the development of the Ohio program, and eventually found myself back in Ohio with a little bit less of a greenhorn, and able to get involved.

TG Branfalt: So, when you were one of the first guests on the podcast, you were working in the private sector, working on a more cultivator face project that you had mentioned. What led you to make the switch to education focus?

Jon Cachat: You know, really, when I got back to Ohio, the headlines at that point said, “No major public institutes of higher education signaling interest in becoming a testing lab.” HP 523, the legislation that kicked off the Ohio Medical Marijuana Control Program, mandated that, for the first year, testing was to be done at an institute of higher education, a public institute.

I had experience in the cannabis industry, I had a knowledge and just passion for cannabis and cannabis culture, and also happened to have a PHD in neuroscience. So really, no universities had decided to step up. I was someone who was qualified to take charge of a testing lab. I knew Ohio State wasn’t gonna do it. I knew the University Of Cincinnati wasn’t gonna do it.

My alma mater, as a private liberal arts college, they weren’t even eligible. And so really, it was a bit of a traveling roadshow to different community colleges, starting up north and eventually landing down here at Hocking to say, “Look. There are no testing labs. The future of the program is unknown and in jeopardy at this point. Would you be interested in applying to be a testing lab?”

Hocking was really quickly able to get the provost and the president together, and I’ll never forget what the president said after I had sort of given the spiel. She looked down, and then looked up at everybody in the room and basically said, “Look. It doesn’t really matter what each of us personally think about the use of cannabis in the medicinal way, the state of Ohio has set a mandate that public institutes of higher education need to perform independent third party testings. We should at least give it a shot.”

So from there basically, I was able to develop the application, get it turned in in time, and we are here today.

TG Branfalt: That’s really interesting that not all colleges were qualified to enter the program. What were some of the challenges for you personally in helping to create the new degree program specifically for cannabis lab technicians, and what’s in that curriculum?

Jon Cachat: Yeah. Yeah, that’s a great question. You know, really, in terms of what other universities were saying, so this idea of, “Should we participate in the cannabis industry?” Two years ago … I’m very familiar with institutes of higher education. I’ve been in several across the country for most of my adult life.

There’s a term called analysis paralysis, and so there was a perceived risk that if we touched this plant, the federal government may take away all of our federal research money, they may cut our ability to offer financial aid to students, and the emphasis on there is perceived risk because that’s never happened.

But just the potential of that being on the table would lead to so much paralysis and analyzing all the different options that most universities just walk away. So now, in terms of the course work, yeah, it was actually pretty challenging if you go from it of the angle that a course like this in cannabis has never existed before, and I should say curriculum rather than a course.

You know, there are a number of universities, Canadian, Colorado, some in California now, some even in Ohio. For example, The Ohio State University law school has one course where they will review cannabis in its relation to tax law, but what we developed here at Hocking, what I developed here at Hocking, is actually a full two year program curriculum where, at the end, students will walk away with an associate’s degree in lab sciences with a major in cannabis lab technician.

So, what would that look like? Well obviously, they need experience on the analytical chemistry portion of it, and we make no qualms about it. While cannabis is involved in this program, and we will be analyzing cannabis, it’s a very hardcore analytical chemistry program. We’re learning how to run high pressure liquid chromatography. We’re learning how to run inductively coupled mass spectrometers to test for heavy metals.

So obviously, you need that type of course work which consists of both classroom time, to get the theory behind the instrumentation, but then also lab time, hands-on time with the exact instruments that are being used in our commercial cannabis lab, just in an educational lab. And while we’re not able to take, obviously, cannabis products that are in the products supply line over to the educational lab, we are able to use standards, and extracts, because it’s very, very important for the students to look at the same chromatography peaks, the same sort of patterns over, and over, and over again.

I mean, a particular … You know, I got a question. “What’s the test gonna be like?” In the lab, we’ll have, let’s say, 10 samples, and we want to analyze the cannabinoid content of what’s in these 10 liquid samples. Unbeknownst to the students, I’ve spiked three of them with aspirin and caffeine. I’ll know who’s paying attention, I’ll know who’s gonna make a great cannabis lab tech. When they call me over and say, “This peak shouldn’t be here. I don’t know what this peak is.”, and it’s like, “Okay. Now, you’re finally getting it. You got it.”

So, there’s the chemistry angle of the curriculum for this major. Beyond that, I wanted to make these students prepared just to work in the cannabis industry in general, and so we’re gonna provide an overview of humans’ history with this plant. I call it “Cannabis Humans, and Our Forgotten History,” because we are lucky enough to have the Cannabis Museum, Cannabismuseum.com, down the street for us. It’s the largest private collection of old pharmacy mixing jars from compounding pharmacies. They have things that go back as far as 1887, hand-written prescriptions from doctors in Texas for two grams of cannabis indica to help with insomnia.

So, where the cannabis industry has come from, what’s our relationship with this plant in humanity’s perspective, and where are we going? And then, the last important component that is important for a lab tech, yes, but important for anybody in the cannabis industry in general, is understanding the economics of being a cultivator.

So, what’s their business model look like? What are the inputs that go into growing plants successfully, of high quality, repeatedly, in our new modern regulated system? What does a grower stay up at night worrying about? What are microclimates, and how do microclimates lead to situations where eventually, downstream, they’re gonna end up failing one of the tests and have to destroy that whole crop?

The same thing goes for processors. What’s their business model? What are they starting with as raw material? What are the steps that goes through to get down to a medicinal quality oil? And then, what are their goals in terms of using that oil and turning it into different products?

Because ultimately, as a lab tech, you’re going out to these operations and you’re spending time with the grower, who has spent the last couple months, certainly the last three or four weeks of flowering, with these plants every day, and has an intimate relationship with them, and he’s talking to you about his concerns.

He’s asking you questions about, “I might’ve seen a little PM over here. What do you think?” And so, it’s important for the lab’s tech, and the students that are gonna be coming out of this program, to have an appreciation and be able to put themselves in someone else’s shoes for a day to help them achieve their goals while also being very well versed in the regulations and the analytical chemistry involved in cannabis testing.

TG Branfalt: I mean, it’s no surprise. I know you are really a sort of deep thinker and that you’ve put a lot of thought into this. You know, you’ve spent most of your adult life in higher education. I have a master’s degree. I currently teach at a New York State school, university, and I can tell you that, during my interview, during my first semester, I didn’t really mention much my relationship to the cannabis industry as a journalist, as someone who has covered it for a long time, because that stigma still exists.

Where I’m at, upstate New York, it’s a little more conservative. How important do you think it is that a traditional institute of higher education has this program focused on the cannabis industry?

Jon Cachat: You know, higher education is in the business of preparing students for a career, for their job, and so, there’s clearly a demand in both … across all ages, both young and old students, to try to find an avenue into the cannabis industry, and even up to today really, the best way to get experience in the cannabis industry is break the law left and right and put you, and your family, and your finances, and your children, and everything, at such a risk that it really becomes difficult for someone who …

Let’s say they are retiring from their job, and they were great in the manufacturing floor, but they know that the cannabis labs are driving around the state every day, and they want to get involved, but he doesn’t know much about cannabis. It is really the mission of traditional institutes of higher education to provide pathways to prosperity for these individuals. I mean, down here in southern Ohio is a great example.

You know, there’s nothing wrong with being a car mechanic, and if you’re a good car mechanic, I love you, and it’s an honorable profession, but you could now, conceivably, have a career in biomedical research, performing graduate level analytical chemistry after a two year program and a lot of hands-on experience at this program at Hocking College.

And I will say this, too, just to wrap. After Hocking College sort of plowed the way through, I get about an email a week from different institutes of higher education, Kentucky, West Virginia, up in Canada, where they’re saying, “We have a medical program coming online. We saw what you guys did, and of course, our students are very interested in preparing themselves for this industry. Can you tell us how you did it? Can you tell us how cannabis and higher education can exist together in a way where there’s mutual benefits all around?”

TG Branfalt: So, you’ve mentioned, a couple of times, the students. Tell me about the students that you’re seeing in this program. Are they mostly traditional sort of fresh out of high school types, or are they your non-traditional maybe part-time adult learners?

Jon Cachat: It’s a good question, and the interest has been across the board. Broadly speaking, there are high school graduates who are going off to college for the first time and want to jump on this as soon as they can. The other half are individuals with degrees already. Maybe they already have a bachelor of science, maybe they already have … they’re a certified nurse practitioner, or they’re a medical lab technician. They already have an accredited degree in an advanced field of study, but they want to come back. They want to get the cannabis experience so they can get lined up for a job in the cannabis space.

And so, it’s been real interesting for me to figure out how I can take a program, and these students who are coming in at vastly different levels of knowledge and experience, and get them through the end result, which really, for me, is positive feedback from employers down the road that the people coming out of this program are not only well prepared, but they are fantastic, and they’ve been able to help our lab over several hurdles or small fires that pop up daily.

Generally … I mean, we would get emails from students in Texas. I’ve gotten emails from students in Washington State. I really did have a 68 year old man call me who said he hasn’t saved enough for retirement and he wants to know how to get into the program.

TG Branfalt: No way.

Jon Cachat: And so, interest is coming all over … across the board, all over the nation. Really, what I try to do right off the bat, is to make sure that they’re clear that this is an analytical chemistry program in which cannabis is the primary target analyte. There will be no organoleptic testing by any means, organoleptic meaning of course testing a product with your five senses.

TG Branfalt: So, you mentioned earlier, at the start, about these other sort of canna-centric schools that are in California, and Colorado, and so forth. Why would you recommend that students enroll in a program like yours or your program instead of other cannabis-focused institutions? And are there benefits to those other less traditional schools?

Jon Cachat: Of course. Yes, yes. So, there are several entities, one here in Ohio, which I sit on the advisory board of. The Cleveland School of Cannabis, for example, they offer certificate programs after … It’s a short program, I think maybe over the course of six to eight weeks, and then you can end up getting a certificate from them in cultivation, or you could end up getting a certificate from them in processing, or working in the dispensary.

Those schools are, first off, responding to a demand of people who want to be educated to work in the industry, but you’ll notice, the traditional institutes of higher education, we are training people to be cannabis lab technicians or to work in the analytical chemistry angle of it.

You could work at a cultivator, or a processor who has this instrumentation on site, but I think it’s gonna be some time before we see a traditional academic institution actually teaching cannabis cultivation, or actually teaching how to extract with butane or some other hydrocarbon, extract that down into an oil, and then make that oil into products.

Those are, I think, a little bit too much. I don’t know what the legal term would be, but maybe aiding and abetting federal rule breaking. But they’re very comfortable with the analytical chemistry part of it. So, you can … This is an accredited degree program here at Hocking. You will walk away with an associate’s degree in cannabis lab technician. That’s a two-year program.

My job is to make sure that that program is rigorous enough so when you apply to be a cannabis lab tech, and they are saying that, “We want a bachelor’s, or master’s, or PHD”, you can say, “Well, I’ve been in a cannabis lab for a year and a half. I know when the ICP-MS goes down and the vent’s messed up that it’s really the drainpipe. It’s not really the vent.” That knowledge is invaluable.

But if you know for sure that you want to be on the cultivation side of things, dealing with the plants, our program will prepare you to have those conversations, but you’re not getting the hands-on nitty gritty details of how that process works. So I hope I made that clear, but there’s different avenues in which educational entities are targeting things now, and chemistry is the … I don’t want to say the safest lane, but it’s one of the lanes that requires the finesse, and experience, and educational philosophy that you would find in a traditional two or four year education beyond that of a certificate program.

TG Branfalt: So, I want to ask you sort of a broad question here. You went around trying to find places to help set up a degree program in Ohio. You ultimately landed on one. You mentioned that we’re very far away from seeing cultivation for probably legal reasons as opposed to cultural reasons.

Jon Cachat: Right.

TG Branfalt: In your experience, do you think that there’s still a cannabias in higher education, that it’s something that we don’t want to talk about with students, that department chairs don’t talk about sort of the culture aspect of it with their faculty, and so on and so forth?

Jon Cachat: Yeah. You know, it’s interesting. I don’t know if I would call it a cannabias. I would say more like cannaphobic. They’re afraid. They’re afraid to touch it. I mean, for so long, it has been a … Even at the schools, an issue that law enforcement handles, not the provost and dean of academic affairs. I don’t think this is unique to higher education, but there is just, in large, people who have preconceived notions of what cannabis is, and what it does, and the people who use it, and who they are, and how they behave.

But even since last we spoke, you could see that sort of getting whittled away day by day, and really, it’s conversation by conversation. I tell everybody, “If you’re talking to someone, call it cannabis. Don’t call it marijuana. Marijuana is some made up term. We’re actually using its scientific name.”

When I first started here at the school, down here in southern Ohio, there was a lot of … Once you get past the sort of canna-stoner jokes, and then you start getting into the real science of it, they’re like, “Oh, wait. This kid’s not playing around. He’s actually serious about this.” Then there’s also sort of just responding to, “Oh, well, I know this medical is just a Trojan horse in order to get to adult use, and no one’s really benefiting medically.”

For that reason, and that reason alone, I purchased several copies of the most recent compendium of the medical uses of cannabis, about a 600 page book. I mean, it’s like a bible. So, whenever I get that question, I can just throw that book at them and say, “Come back to me after you’ve read it.”

TG Branfalt: And injure them in the process. With Hocking, are you guys partnering with private companies as part of your programs?

Jon Cachat: Yeah, definitely. So I mean, the one that comes to mind first is Shimadzu. So, all of our analytical instrumentation was provided by Shimadzu. They have been a wonderful partner to have, especially in helping us get the lab up and running quickly. They were one of the first major analytical chemistry equipment manufacturers to service and get into cannabis testing labs, so with that comes a lot of experience in tuning the LC triple quad to detect myclobutanil and cynipidae, and 20 other pesticides along with mycotoxins and the fungus.

And so, we were really able to benefit from the experience that they’ve gotten in setting up other cannabis labs to ensure that the signal to noise ratios, and the recovery percentages that we’re getting, were right on track right off the bat right away, and if we do have something that is slightly off, that we’re able to call one of their techs directly, because we are a Shimadzu partner analytical lab with them, and so they’re very much invested in our success as well.

Beyond that, there are medical device manufacturers down here in southeast Ohio who are interested in production line biochemists. They make things like pregnancy tests and other medical testing kits, so there are definitely, outside of the cannabis industry, companies who are looking for staff and need a lab sciences coursework for the education.

We’re also partnering with groups like PathogenDx, and Medicinal Genomics. These companies make genetic based, PCR based, microbial tests, so in our tests that we’re testing for mold. Right now, in order to test for mold, we have to swab the sample onto a cell culture plate and put it in an incubator for 24 hours, and then check after 48, and give it an enrichment, and put it in for another 48. It could take up to 90 hours plus, and it’s really the biggest bottleneck in the cannabis analytical lab pipeline.

By using the genetic methods such as those put out by Pathogen and Medicinal, we’re able to cut that time down to about 6 hours, but we are also able to genetically identify the presence of a mold or a fungus, rather than just looking at the cell count and saying, “Well, there’s blue growth here with a red air bubble, and that indicates 100 colonies of enterobacteria.”

You know, the bacterias can be a lot different, and depending on what actually is there, or if the operation is using some sort of composting teas, which is very popular outdoor and in this sort of black market transition over. So, we’re working with those private kit providers with the DNA methods to ensure that those results that come out match those on the plate, and it’s some RND testing for them, but then also to go to the state and say, “Look, these are valid methods for detecting microbial growth, if not more accurate than what the plates are, and it would be worth everybody’s time for us to switch over.”

So, yeah. There are a number of private-public partnerships that we have going on. The lab, of course, itself is owned entirely by the school. The revenue streams that come in from the lab are then being able to go back into the general fund and support any number, the whole catalog, of programs here at the college. But the manufacturers know, especially that we have the educational component, people like to purchase the machines that they were trained on, and so getting them in front of the students is of equal value to everyone, not to mention the students who are being trained on some of the latest and greatest analytical instrumentation.

TG Branfalt: So, a lot of colleges throughout the country are facing sort of budget cuts, budget crises, and so in order to set up one of these programs … I mean, obviously, it costs some money. How could other interested educators sort of create these partnerships? What was that process like? Did they reach out to you? Did you reach out to them?

Jon Cachat: It was mostly a lot of outreach on my end. Having spent so much time in academia, particularly in grad school, for example. When we were giving zebrafish LSD and trying to discern their behavior, whether it was an anxiety-like state or a more sort of calm state, one of the ways that I developed to do that was to use USB webcameras and then plug those videos into animal behavioral tracking software, and so, at that point, no one was doing that with zebrafish.

The software was designed to be working with mice and rodents, and so I have a lot of experience working on software, and adapting software into the laboratory setting in new ways, and so I knew what it was like to contact those private companies as an academic institution, and discuss to them what we have going on and if they would like to be involved.

For other universities, they should also be intimately familiar with that. There are some benefits, particularly when it comes to negotiating pricing, and service contracts, and all of that that the manufacturers and private companies are familiar with the benefits and the value of working very closely with higher education.

The other institutions that have called me and asked how they could get their foot in the door, really, it’s starting to get familiar with your regulations. What does the testing lab actually look like in your state? I can’t tell you. I could tell you all about Ohio, California, but not Kentucky. I didn’t even know Kentucky had a program.

So, getting involved, reading those regulations, attending any and all of the public meetings that the governments is hosting here in Ohio, they have a monthly meeting in Columbus where the Medical Marijuana Advisory Board meets. You know, it probably wouldn’t be a bad idea as well to attend local meetings, your local NORML chapter, or if there’s an ASA program at your school, or Students for Sensible Drug Policy, that is where you’re gonna start finding champions, those who understand cannabis and cannabis culture, but also have a technical enough background or experience to where you want to start recruiting those people and getting them on your side.

I think Dr. Young often says that, when asked how this all came about at Hocking, she looked at me and said, “JC was here, and he knew what he was doing.” Whether that’s true or not, we’ve made it this far. But really, starting early, getting out there, especially with departments of higher eds, if you’re planning on doing a curriculum. You surely have a relationship with them, but starting to float the idea of some cannabis curriculum that might be being submitted, you’re lucky that you have Hocking to look to to say, “Well, this is how they did it.” But it really is a lot of discussions and not putting things off to the last minute, is what is eventually gonna help you in the marathon. It’s not a race.

TG Branfalt: So, you touched on policy a minute ago. Let’s talk a little bit about midwest policy. Michigan legalized cannabis for adult use. Illinois governor has said he wanted to actually beat Michigan to roll out their own program. Ohio’s in the midwest obviously. How long, in your opinion, until officials in Ohio seriously take a lot at recreational use considering what’s going on around them?

Jon Cachat: Yeah, yeah. That’s very interesting. I think actually Pennsylvania announced some intent for adult use laws here pretty quickly. I think, and I think this is very understandably so, the regulators in Ohio, especially since we just had a new governor come into place, and the delays that weren’t unique to Ohio, but we’re basically at a point now where the entire program has actually only been up and running, with products on the shelves, for three or four weeks.

We finally got all the pieces connected, and we have product moving from cultivators to dispensary shelves, and I know that there are considerations and amendments just to improve the current laws that we have on the book. I know that, at least in the new governor’s office, there is sort of an acceptance of the medical laws, but very little interest in expanding those laws over to adult use, but what I will say, I know several groups, and I’m pretty sure there’s one out of Athens, that has adult use ballot language ready to get on the ballot in 2020, and if history is any judge, the thing that will get Ohio legislators moving very quickly is a ballot initiative that the people put forth.

It’s the same thing that happened with our medical laws here. We had the heralded and infamous monopoly bill for the medical laws here in Ohio. That got voted down quickly, and then all of the sudden, the Ohio legislature passed a medical cannabis program at lightning speed, faster than any states has ever done it before.

So, it’ll be interesting to see how everything falls out. You know, it’s also interesting to consider the fact now that we have several multimillion dollar businesses that have spent a lot of money, and a lot of time, and a lot of effort to be operational in the medical market, and are those business interests not interested in adult use? Or, are they interested in adult use? I think, and understandably so, that in the legislature, we’re not gonna see any movement on adult use unless the people of Ohio force the issue, and ultimately, I think it’s gonna come, but I do think that I would like to see the medical program here in Ohio …

Maybe 30% of the production line and production capacity is actually moving right now. A year from now, by the time we’re in the summer, we’ll see a lot more product moving through the supply chain, we’ll see prices come down, and frankly, I hope we see the trend where the average age of patients at dispensaries is 50+, and so those people really stand to benefit a lot. Of course, the appetite’s there. I don’t know if the political will will be there until the people force the issue. I would certainly say it’s not out of the question, but it’s hard to predict at this point.

TG Branfalt: So, what advice do you have for potential students seeking to enter this space? And what about educators?

Jon Cachat: Yeah, that’s interesting. That’s interesting. Well, like I said at the beginning, the advice to potential students is, “Yes. This is a cannabis program, but more than that, it is a very rigorous analytical chemistry program, and so if you don’t have the innate curiosity in how things work, or sort of an engineering tinkering mind, or math isn’t your thing, or some level of physics just drives you crazy, you’re probably not gonna make it through the entire program.”

I learned, at other universities, a lot of freshman will come in their first year and say they want a major in psychology. It’s one of the most popular freshman choices, first year choices. In order to handle that, psychology 101 is a pretty difficult course, by design, to make sure that the people didn’t just willy nilly pick psychology, but are willing to put in the work to achieve what is a relatively difficult degree.

So, my advice to students is that be aware that this is a rigorous program, and it’s going to remain that way because you need those skills and that experience in order to get a position in this industry. The other thing I guess I would say is that, for educators, your goal is to prepare students for jobs in the workforce.

So, one of the things I did mention earlier, if you do have legal cannabis operations operating, it would serve you very well to ask if you could set up a meeting with them onsite. Go through their processes, make those connections with where the potential employers are in your state, and understand what they want from a student coming out and looking for a job at their facility, for example.

The last thing I’ll leave you with, too, and I do this with all of my interviews for the lab, or anyone that calls me from a school looking to set up an educational program like this. The very first question is sort of like when the stewardess goes around and checks the exit doors, and you gotta give them a visual nod and confirmation that you’re willing to open the door should you need to.

You just say flatly, “We’re all gonna be felons. Are you prepared to break federal law?”, and you say yes, you move on, and you don’t discuss it again until … Hopefully, you never need to, but it’s just something that you have to accept, live with, and hopefully your support for state’s rights, and the ability for the states to regulate the system, is good enough.

TG Branfalt: Is that when most people hang up on you?

Jon Cachat: It’s where most people sort of just stare at me like, “Wait a second. Is he serious, or is he joking around?”, and this is very much serious. It’s not … I guess it’s not something to be proud of in one way, but in another way, the cannabis industry has always been a group of outlaws, and while we’re legal now, we’re still breaking a few laws just by technicality.

But hopefully, the more people that get in, the more students that are educated in this, the more and more we’ll push back against that cannabias or cannaphobia, and get to a point where everything should be.

TG Branfalt: So, where can people find out more about you, your program? How can they get in touch with you if they’re seeking answers to their educational questions?

Jon Cachat: So, you can reach the lab at lab@Hocking.edu. Hocking is spelled H-O-C-K-I-N-G. I will say this. Given the interest in the program, my inbox is just dead on arrival, so for anybody who has maybe already emailed me, or is hoping to learn more about the program, please don’t take my lack of response personally at all, it’s just that this is a very popular program and there’s a lot of students that are interested.

I’m trying to pull up the laboratory sciences. Yeah, so if you go to Hocking.edu/laboratory-sciences, that’s where you can see the full curriculum for the program, a little bit more about the chemical and medical laboratory programs, and reach out to admissions or enrollment to learn about how you can get started.

The first class is actually starting March 10th, and then lastly, you can find us on social media @Hockinglabsci. So, H-O-C-K-I-N-G, L-A-B, S-C-I, and that’s on Twitter and Instagram.

TG Branfalt: One more quick question. Do you guys already have a wait list?

Jon Cachat: We have not set up a wait list. There is a cap on the lecture classes at 100. There’s a cap on the laboratory classes at 25. My mailing list is currently at 207, and I’m pretty sure we’ve got about 30 enrolled thus far. March 10th is the first Intro to Lab Sciences, so that would be for students both interested in cannabis chemical and medical lab technicians.

The cannabis specific courses, the first year for that will be in the Fall of 2019, and then for those of you that have a bachelor’s degree or other sort of advanced training, if your credits transfer, you can start in the second year of courses, which will be going in Fall of 2020.

TG Branfalt: Well, Dr. John Cachat, man, it’s really great to have you back. Congratulations on all of your success with this program and just in the industry in general. It’s always great to have a chat with you, and I know that you’re super busy, so it’s a good thing that I have your cell phone number, because I wouldn’t have been able to get in contact with you had I sent you an email.

Jon Cachat: Of course. Of course, TG. Always a pleasure to chat, and I guess I owe you a beer this time.

TG Branfalt: Next time you come up to the Adirondacks. You can find more episodes of The Ganjapreneur.com Podcast in the podcast section of Ganjapreneur.com and in the Apple iTunes store. On the Ganjapreneur.com website, you will find the latest cannabis news and cannabis jobs updated daily, along with transcripts of this podcast. You can also download the Ganjapreneur.com app on iTunes and Google Play. This episode was engineered by TRIM Media House. I’ve been your host, TG Branfalt.

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Carl’s Jr. to Offer CBD-Infused Burger on 4/20

Fast food chain Carl’s Jr. is planning to sell a CBD-infused burger on April 20 at its Colorado Blvd restaurant in Denver, Colorado, CNBC reports. The so-called Rocky Mountain High: Cheeseburger Delight is topped with the chain’s Santa Fe Sauce infused with 5 milligrams of CBD along with two beef patties, pickled jalapenos, pepper jack cheese, and waffle fries.

A 2019 National Restaurant Association survey found three out of four chefs named CBD and cannabis-infused foods as the year’s hot industry trend despite the federal Food & Drug Administration barring CBD from being included in foods and drinks. The agency is set to hold a hearing on CBD next month. Last year, regulators in Massachusetts prevented a local brewer from adding the cannabinoid to beer.

Patty Trevino, Carl’s Jr.’s senior vice president of brand marketing, said “bringing hot restaurant trends to a quick service menu” is at the core of the company’s strategy.

“From our early introduction into plant-based options to bringing the rare indulgence of truffles to our menu with the new Bacon Truffle Angus Burger, our customers have come to expect innovative and unique menu offerings, and we’re thrilled to be the first quick service restaurant to be testing CBD infused options.” – Trevino, in a statement, via Fox Business

Trevino told Fox Business that the company would consider expanding the burger, which will have a $4.20 price tag, if the Denver test goes well.

Carl’s Jr. is the latest non-cannabis corporate company to announce interest in CBD following last year’s federal hemp legalization. Last month, pharmacy chains Walgreens and CVS announced they would sell select CBD products.

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Washington Lawmakers Approve Bill Expunging 69,000 Cannabis Convictions

The Washington state House of Representatives has approved a bill expunging nearly 69,000 misdemeanor cannabis convictions, according to The News Tribune.

The bill, which originated in the Senate, passed the House in a 69-29 vote on Tuesday and now returns to the Senate for the reconciliation of one amendment added by state representatives. The House amendment specifies that the bill would also apply to misdemeanor cannabis convictions resulted from municipal rules in addition to those charges brought under state law.

If re-approved by the Senate, the bill will head to Gov. Jay Inslee’s desk for his signature.

“This proved you can do transformative justice reform issues and it’s a bipartisan thing. Our unjust laws of the past shouldn’t hold you back from being successful in the future.” — Bill sponsor state Sen. Joe Nguyen (D)

The Washington State Patrol said that 58,864 individuals with 68,543 misdemeanor cannabis convictions would be eligible for expungement under the proposal. Individuals with cleared convictions would be able to write on job and housing applications that they were never convicted of those cannabis-related crimes.

The bill was lobbied for vigorously by industry stakeholders in Washington, including by members of The Cannabis Alliance, a non-profit organization (of which Ganjapreneur is a supporting member) dedicated to the advancement of a vital, ethical, and sustainable cannabis industry.

“The Alliance worked really hard prior to session in asking Fitzgibbon to bring up this issue once again,” said Executive Director Lara Kaminsky. “We also worked closely with Nguyen to help him get the right energy behind the bill, providing testimony in hearings along the way. We put our time, energy and resources behind this effort because our membership voted ‘Expunging records for cannabis convictions’ as their #2 priority for this legislative session.”

Earlier this year, at an event coordinated by The Cannabis Alliance, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee (D) said he would pardon a collection of cannabis convicts, but the Legislature’s proposal would go much further than the governor’s plan.

State Rep. Joe Fitzgibbon (D) — who sponsored the House version of the bill — has been pushing for similar legislation ever since voters chose in 2012 to end cannabis prohibition via a successful voter initiative.

“The King and Pierce County prosecutors chose [then] to dismiss all pending marijuana misdemeanor possession charges in their jurisdictions. I thought that was a great step,” Rep. Fitzgibbon said in a statement. “The voters no longer felt the possession of small amounts of marijuana should be a crime for people 21 and over.”

Sen. Nguyen and Rep. Fitzgibbon appeared together in a video on the senator’s Facebook page discussing the bill’s successful passage.

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Study: 65% of Cannabis Consumers Prefer It to Alcohol

A recent study from New Frontier Data suggests that adults in legal states might be shifting from alcohol to cannabis with 65 percent of survey respondents saying they prefer cannabis to alcohol if given a choice. Another 45 percent indicated they would likely replace some of their drinking with cannabis in the future, while 47 percent said their drinking habits had not changed.

Slightly less than a third (31 percent) said they drink less than they used to with 23 percent saying they drink more. New Frontier Data CEO Giadha Aguirre de Carcer said it’s too soon to know “whether such a shift is indicative of potential sustained behavior over time or a short-term spur in consumption.”

“Young adults approaching legal drinking age represent new potential consumers for alcohol brands, but New Frontier Data’s research reveals a noticeable shift in younger generations’ preference of cannabis over alcohol.” – Aguirre de Carcer, in a statement

Last year, MarketWatch reported binge drinking rates among college students had fallen from 4.3 percent in 2016 to 2.2 percent – down from 6.5 percent in 1980 – and that the majority of the 55 million cannabis users in the U.S. were millennials.

Additionally, at least one preliminary study by Scripps Research Institute found that CBD could help reduce the risk of relapse by alcoholics and there are countless anecdotal reports of people using cannabis as an exit drug for opioids – so much so that several states have added opioid dependency to their qualifying conditions list.

Frontier Data Chief Knowledge Officer John Kagia said that 72 percent of Americans under 35 now support cannabis legalization, adding “the growing acceptance and legalization of cannabis is a durable generational trend that the state’s famed wine and beer industries should be paying very close attention to.”

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7 in 10 British Columbia Residents Happy with Legalization

British Columbians appear satisfied six months into Canadian cannabis legalization, as 64 percent of survey respondents had a favorable opinion of the reforms while just 29 percent disagree, according to a Research Co. report. Seven out of ten B.C. citizens aged 18-to-34 approved of legalization, including 72 percent of the residents in each Northern B.C. and Vancouver Island.

The majority surveyed, 79 percent, believed 19 to be the appropriate age to purchase cannabis and the same number supported restricting cannabis smoking to areas where tobacco smoking is currently allowed. Sixty-seven percent supported allowing adults to grow four plants per household and 67 percent believed the Liquor Distribution Branch is the right agency to distribute non-medical cannabis.

None of the respondents believed the nation should legalize other illicit substances such as ecstasy, heroin or fentanyl, powder or crack cocaine, or methamphetamine.

According to KamloopsMatters, in 2008 just 53 percent of British Columbians wanted to legalize cannabis for recreational use. Initially, the provincial government had expected to raise $200 million from recreational cannabis sales in the province over three years; however, following a slower-than-expected process to get shops open the government lowered their estimates to $68 million.

The Research Co. survey found 43 percent of respondents had used cannabis prior to legalization and 51 percent have never used cannabis in Canada at all.

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Study: Cannabis Enhances ‘Enjoyment’ and ‘Recovery’ From Exercise

A University of Colorado Boulder survey has found 81.7 percent of respondents endorsed using cannabis concurrently with exercise, the majority of which said using cannabis shortly before or after working out “enhances their enjoyment of and recovery from exercise” while about half said cannabis use motivated them to exercise.

The online survey was conducted in states with adult-use cannabis access and hopes to fill research voids regarding cannabis and exercise engagement. The results back up recent cannabis-for-fitness trends such as yoga and events such as the 420 Games; although, most professional sports organizations ban the use of cannabis for medical or recreational purposes, including CBD. In 2017, however, the World Anti-Doping Agency did remove CBD from its prohibited substances list.

The Colorado study surveyed more than 600 cannabis consumers about their workout habits.

“To our knowledge, this is the first study to survey attitudes and behavior regarding the use of cannabis before and after exercise, and to examine differences between cannabis users who engage in co-use, compared to those who do not. Given both the spreading legalization of cannabis and the low rates of physical activity in the US, it behooves public health officials to understand the potential effects—both beneficial and harmful—of cannabis use on exercise behaviors.” – The New Runner’s High? Examining the Relationships Between Cannabis Use and Exercise Behavior in States with Legalized Cannabis, Apr. 8, Frontiers

While the study is in no way conclusive or suggests that cannabis will lead people to exercise more often, it does help dispute the ‘lazy stoner’ stereotype propagated by prohibitionists.

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Medical Cannabis-for-Pets Bill Introduced In California

A bill introduced in California would allow veterinarians to recommend cannabis products for pets, VIN News Service reports. The measure first needs to pass a review by the state’s Veterinary Medical Board but, if approved, would be the first of its kind in the U.S.

Last year, state regulators recognized cannabis in veterinary medicine, becoming the first state to provide legal protections for vets who talk to pet owners about cannabis use for their animals. This bill takes those protections a step further.

If the Veterinary Medical Board doesn’t support the measure it will likely see no further action; however, even a neutral stance would enable it to move forward, the report says. The board would also be responsible for developing guidelines for vets to follow by January 1. The board has released draft guidelines which could mirror the adopted guidelines if the bill is passed. That document does warn practitioners that “no federal or state agency oversees standardization of cannabis product concentrations for use on animals” and “research to-date is lacking conclusions regarding dose, toxicity & efficacy.”

Last year, CannPal Animal Therapeutics began a cannabis-for-dogs study in Australia for its leading drug candidate CPAT-01. In the U.S., a Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine study last year found a hemp oil product “efficacious” for dogs with arthritic and geriatric pain. In 2017, Creso Pharma received approval from the European Union to sell CBD products for pets.

A bill similar to the California proposal was introduced in New York last year but gained no traction in the legislature. A measure in Connecticut would provide similar protections for veterinarians as the current California law, while a Tennessee bill would protect vets from professional discipline for recommending industrial hemp-derived products.

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Iowa Senate Passes Hemp Legalization

Iowa’s Senate has advanced legislation to legalize industrial hemp production in the state, according to a report from the Neighbor. The measure, which still needs approval in the House, passed the chamber 49-1.

Under the law, the industry would be regulated by the state Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, which would collect fees, appropriations, and other hemp-generated revenues that would be used for regulations and oversight. The first crops wouldn’t be planted until 2020 and would initially limit farmers to just 40 acres of hemp cultivation.

For the first two years, hemp farmers would pay $500 plus $5-per-acre in licensing fees for plots less than 5 acres; $750 plus $5-per-acre for plots between five and 10 acres; and $1,000 plus $5-per-acre for sites more than 10 acres, according to the bill text.

Republican state Sen. Tom Shipley told the Neighbor that the bill approved by the Senate includes amendments to win the approval of the House. Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds would also have to sign the measure.

“The Department of Ag and the Department of Public Safety are working hand in hand to make hemp Iowa’s third commodity a safe reality,”. “I have been contacted by future hemp farmers who are ready to start producing and see the market for hemp products.” –  State Sen. Kevin Kinney, a Democrat, to the Neighbor

Iowa, one of just seven states without state-approved hemp cultivation, follows several states – including Texas, Maine, Florida, Idaho, Oklahoma, and Nebraska – in making reforms in the wake of last year’s federal hemp changes included the Farm Bill.

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Washington Senate Votes to Allow Medical Cannabis in Schools

Bills allowing medical cannabis use on school grounds and changing the state’s cannabis testing rules have passed the Washington state Senate, according to an Associated Press report. Lawmakers on both sides of the aisle described the school bill as one that would provide children enrolled in the state program relief from their chronic illnesses.

The measure, which passed 41-4, would allow parents to administer edible, low-THC, products in school – but the program could be suspended if the federal government were to threaten to pull funding over the issue. Under the law, school officials and nurses would not have to administer medical cannabis due to potential licensing and liability problems.

The testing proposal would move the responsibility of licensing and laboratory certifications to the Department of Ecology who would also issue drafts of new lab standards in 2020 and 2021. In 2018, the Ecology Department found gaps in testing accreditation rules for the cannabis industry.

Last year, the Agriculture Department found 43 percent of cannabis tested by the agency contained high levels of both allowed and banned pesticides. The new law, which passed the Senate 44-1, would require the Ecology Department to set up workgroups to study the issue of pesticides in cannabis consumer products.

Both bills had previously passed the House but must be sent back for final approval of amendments before moving to the governor.

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Tennessee Ag Department Issues 2,600 Hemp Licenses

The number of hemp cultivation licenses issued in Tennessee are up 1,100 percent over last year, according to a Tennessean report. For this year, the state Department of Agriculture has issued more than 2,600 licenses, most of which are for farms of fewer than five acres.

In 2015, there were just 44 hemp growers licensed under the state’s pilot program; 64 in 2016; 117 in 2017; and 226 last year when 4,700 acres of hemp were grown in the Volunteer State. This year, five farms are licensed to grow more than 1,000 acres and 37 are licensed to grow 100 acres or more.

Bill Corbin, a licensed farmer in Springfield, called the crop “a new gold rush” but cautioned “that’s not really a good thing.”

“When that many people come into play so quickly, there are so many naive and gullible growers that are going to sign up with people who will promise them the moon,” he told the Tennessean.

Although hemp was legalized federally last year, Tennessee is still operating under a pilot program while federal agencies adopt rules and regulations for the industry. The Food and Drug Administration plans to hold its own public hearing next month on CBD – the demand for which is partly behind the spike in hemp license figures in Tennessee, according to the report.

According to March figures from Kentucky’s Agriculture Department, hemp sales in Tennessee’s northern neighbor jumped from $17 million to $58 million from 2017-2018.

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Medical Cannabis Expansions Introduced to Illinois House

A bill to make Illinois’ medical cannabis program permanent and expand the state’s qualifying condition list has been introduced in the House, according to a WIFR report.

The measure would add autism, chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, migraines, osteoarthritis, anorexia, Ehlers-Danlos, or elastic skin, Syndrome, Neuro-Behcet’s Autoimmune Disease, neuropathy, and polycystic kidney disease to the program’s conditions list.

Additionally, the law would allow patients under the age of 18 to have an additional caregiver – from two to three – and allow military veterans enrolled in the Opioid Alternative Pilot Program to participate in the medical cannabis program, which under the current law sunsets on July 1, 2021. Last year, the state approved what the sponsor called “an exit ramp for opioid use” allowing individuals suffering from opioid addition to access the medical cannabis program.

Notably, during his inaugural address in January Democratic Gov. J.B Pritzker promised to legalize cannabis throughout the state during his tenure. A month earlier, Pritzker said he wanted the state’s industry to roll out before neighboring Michigan, which legalized cannabis via a voter referendum last year.

The bi-partisan medical cannabis reform measure counts several high-ranking Republicans among its sponsors, including Minority Leader Jim Durkin, Conference Chair Tim Butler, and Assistant Minority Leader Norine Hammond. It’s currently in the Rules Committee.

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Dallas County DA Stops Prosecuting First-Time Cannabis Misdemeanors

Dallas County, Texas District Attorney John Creuzot will no longer prosecute low-level cannabis crimes for first-time offenders, he announced in a policy letter to the county’s citizens. The letter also indicates his office is “in the process of dismissing all pending misdemeanor marijuana cases filed” before he took office, noting that as of Apr. 11 he has dismissed more than 1,000 of the cases.

Creuzot points out that African Americans are three times more likely to be prosecuted for misdemeanor possession despite using cannabis at similar rates as other races.

“After arrest, African Americans are assessed money bond at a higher rate for marijuana possession, and are assessed higher bond amounts than other races. African Americans are more likely to be convicted of marijuana possession once charged and are more likely to serve a jail sentence. The District Attorney must take action to end that disparity.” – Creuzot, in the Apr. 11 letter, published by the Texas Observer

In lieu of prosecution, Creuzot, a Democrat, will offer offenders a program that, once completed, will keep their record clear. The reformed guidelines will apply so long as the “offenses do not occur in a drug-free zone, involve the use or exhibition of a deadly weapon, or involve evidence of delivery.”

During his campaign, Creuzot pledged to reduce the number of people in prison and jail in the county by one-fifth during his term.

Texas state law still strictly prohibits cannabis, though both Republicans and Democrats in the state sport planks related to cannabis policy reform and a decriminalization proposal is pending in the state legislature.

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Oklahoma Hemp Bill Heads to Governor’s Desk

Oklahoma’s industrial hemp bill has moved to the desk of Gov. Kevin Stitt after it unanimously passed the state House late last week, NewsOn6 reports. The measure expands the current state program, which only allows hemp research by universities or colleges in conjunction with the state Department of Agriculture.

According to state Sen. Lonnie Paxton, a Republican author of the bill, the state’s regulations will mirror those established by the United States Department of Agriculture. By following federal hemp guidelines, the bill prevents another legislative review of rules for the state program, according to the Oklahoman.

“There will be no more lag time. We will be responding as quickly as the federal government will allow. This sets everything up so that everything will be in place for local farmers to have everything ready to go.” – Paxton, to the Oklahoman

Paxton said the bill might also encourage hemp processors to bring their operations into the state. Gov. Stitt is expected to sign the legislation.

Oklahoma is the latest state to pass hemp-related laws following last year’s federal Farm Bill, which effectively legalized hemp at the federal level. In Texas, hemp was removed from the controlled substances list earlier this month. Lawmakers in Maine last month passed emergency legislation to align the state and federal definitions of hemp. Lawmakers in Florida are considering a bill to establish rules and regulations for a hemp industry. The Idaho Senate is expected to take up its own hemp bill before the session’s end.

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Former Vermont Gov. Dean Joins Tilray Board

Former Vermont Gov. Howard Dean has joined the board of licensed Canadian cannabis company Tilray, according to a VTDigger report.

During his five terms as governor from 1991-2003, Dean was against all forms of legalization but told VTDigger that he changed his position after conversations with his daughter – a public defender in the Bronx – and recent research on CBD.

In 1997, Dean told the New York Times he was against even industrial hemp legalization, claiming that “the principal interest of the advocates is to legalize marijuana.” During his 2003 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, his website said that decriminalizing drugs sends “a very bad message to young people” and making cannabis legally available alongside alcohol and tobacco was “not a good idea.”

In the report, Dean, a physician, said that his daughter helped change his mind on legalization, pointing to the racial bias in cannabis enforcement.

“Then it became pretty obvious that poor kids of color with bad educations, they already had three strikes against them and the fourth was having a joint. Which after all is probably not as bad as alcohol.” – Dean, to VTDigger

Additionally, Dean said, he found the recent studies on CBD “reasonable” – which he didn’t a decade ago. He said this isn’t the first issue he had “flipped” on, adding that he came around on needle exchanges after seeing the programs in action.

On Tilray, Dean said the company got his attention because it’s run like “a pharmaceutical plant” and “run by Yale graduates.” However, Dean maintained that “black market” cannabis products “[kill] people.”

“There is a lot of really bad stuff going on now,” he said in the interview. “Maybe it would be a good idea if people had a predictable, reliable brand, and not something off the black market.”

Dean does believe Vermont – which legalized cannabis in 2016 for adult use but stopped short of legalizing industry – will move forward with a taxed and regulated regime.

He’s not the first politician to enter the space that was once leery of legalization. Last year, former Speaker of the House of Representatives John Boehner, a Republican, joined the board of Acreage Holdings; in February, he was appointed the honorary chairman of pro-cannabis lobbying group the National Cannabis Roundtable.

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Home Prices Up in Cities With Adult-Use Cannabis

Home values in cities with adult-use cannabis markets are up by $6.337 from 2014 prices compared to cities that do not allow recreational cannabis sales, according to a Clever Real Estate study. From 2014, home prices in cities “within close access to legal dispensaries” were up 8.4 percent – an average of $22,888.

Home values in cities with legal medical cannabis access had the same growth as cities with full prohibition.

“States that legalize recreational cannabis see an immediate bump in home values following legalization, even without retail dispensaries opening up,” the study states.

The highest increases in the housing prices were in Colorado and Washington – who became the first states to legalize cannabis for recreational use in 2012. The study does point out that other factors do play a role in statewide house price increases; the West Coast housing market has seen steady growth since 2012 that can’t be attributed to the 2016 voter-approved legalization law, for example.

Post-legalization, some states have seen an increase in industrial property values that are used for cultivation and processing. Last year in Sonoma County, California, industrial properties for cannabis businesses saw a 50 percent increase in price over similar non-cannabis properties.

Many critics of legal cannabis fear potential crime increases following legalization which could lead to a possible reduction in home values related to that crime. A study earlier this year by the School of Public Affairs at the University of Colorado Denver did note an initial increase in crime rates after a dispensary opens in a neighborhood but that spike “weakened significantly over time.”

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Tennessee Lawmakers Reject Three Medical Cannabis Bills

Three bills to expand Tennessee’s medical cannabis program have failed in the state’s legislature, according to a WTVF report.

The measures, separately, would have expanded the state’s qualifying conditions list, allowed people participating in federal Food and Drug Administration medical cannabis trials to bring products back to the state without penalty, while another would have added cancer and irritable bowel disease to the qualifying conditions list.

The legislation to largely expand access was pushed to next year by the bill sponsor, who hopes to get another bill to a different subcommittee that might be more favorable to the measure. The other two other bills were rejected by the Mental Health and Substance Committee.

State Sen. Steve Dickerson, a Republican, told the station that he hopes to take up the broader expansion next year with a “well thought-out” bill that would be approved by the legislature and the governor. In the meantime, he plans to combine the three bills recently rejected by the legislature and get them in front of a different committee.

Under the state’s current medical cannabis program, licensed physicians can recommend cannabis oil with less than 0.9 percent THC for seizure disorders. The oil can only be produced by a university as part of a clinical trial. The law has been amended twice since it’s 2014 passage but both times the changes have only added more restrictions to the already narrow program.

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